一、ansible
1.scripts模块
script模块⽤于在长途机器上执⾏本地脚本。
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test000.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- mkdir /tmp/three
- touch /tmp/three/test
- echo 'i am echo,at mttt' > /tmp/three/test
- echo 'well done'
- [root@m0 ~]# source test000.sh
- well done
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m script -a './test000.sh'
-
- # 验证
-
- [root@s0 ~]# ls /tmp/
- 111 three
- a.txt xxx
- a.txt.4331.2024-08-16@17:23:26~ xxx2
- systemd-private-18e460b4dc5b47458e28ad6b292e1a98-chronyd.service-ZPvmft
复制代码 2.用ansible搭建nfs服务
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m file -a 'path=/static state=directory'
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m file -a 'path=/static/test state=touch'
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m command -a 'yum -y install nfs-utils'
-
- [root@s0 ~]# rpm -qa | grep nfs
- libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64
- nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m yum -a 'name=rpcbind state=latest'
-
- [root@s0 ~]# rpm -qa | grep rpcbind
- rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64
-
- [root@m0 ~]# vim /etc/exports
-
- /static *(ro,rsync)
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m copy -a 'src=/etc/exports dest=/etc/exports'
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m service -a 'name=rpcbind state=started enabled=yes'
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible group02 -m service -a 'name=nfs state=started enabled=yes'
- [root@m0 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
- [root@m0 ~]# mkdir /nfs
-
- [root@m0 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.112:/static /nfs/
- [root@m0 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.111:/static /nfs/
- [root@m0 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.110:/static /nfs/
- mount.nfs: Operation not permitted
- [root@m0 ~]# df -h
- 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
- /dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 4.3G 13G 26% /
- devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
- tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
- tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
- tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
- /dev/sr0 8.8G 8.8G 0 100% /mnt
- /dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
- tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
- 192.168.2.110:/static 17G 2.1G 15G 13% /nfs
- 192.168.2.112:/static 17G 2.1G 15G 13% /nfs
- 192.168.2.111:/static 17G 2.1G 15G 13% /nfs
-
- [root@s0 ~]# ls /static/
- test
-
- [root@s1 ~]# ls /static/
- test
-
- [root@s2 ~]# ls /static/
- test
复制代码
二、playbook
playbook剧本是生存在控制机的yml文件
1.Playbook常⻅语法
hosts: ⽤于指定要执⾏使命的主机,其可以是⼀个或多个由冒号分隔主机组。
remote_user: ⽤于指定长途主机上的执⾏使命的⽤户 。
- - hosts: group1
- remote_user: root
复制代码 tasks: 使命列表, 按顺序执⾏使命.
如果⼀个host执⾏task失败, 整个tasks都会回滚, 修正playbook中的错误, 然后重新执⾏即可
- tasks:
- - name: ensure apache is at the latest version
- yum: name=httpd,httpd-devel state=latest
- - name: write the apache config file
- copy: src=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
复制代码 handlers: 类似task,但必要使⽤notify关照调⽤。
不管有多少个关照者进⾏了notify,等到play中的全部task执⾏完 成之后,handlers也只会被执⾏⼀次。
handlers最佳的应⽤场景是⽤来重启服务,或者触发体系重启操纵,除此以外很少⽤到了。
- notify:
- - restart apache
- - name: ensure apache is running (and enable it at boot)
- service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
- handlers:
- - name: restart apache
- service: name=httpd state=restarted
复制代码
2.用剧本安装vsftpd
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test001.yml
-
- ---
- - hosts: group02
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 安装vsftpd
- yum: name=vsftpd state=latest
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook ./test001.yml
-
- PLAY [group02] *********************************************************************
-
- TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************
- ok: [192.168.2.111]
- ok: [192.168.2.110]
- ok: [other]
-
- TASK [安装vsftpd] ********************************************************************
- ok: [other]
- ok: [192.168.2.111]
- ok: [192.168.2.110]
-
- PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************
- 192.168.2.110 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- other : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
-
复制代码 3.用剧本卸载和安装vsftpd,且启动服务
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test001.yml
- ---
- - hosts: group02
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 卸载vsftpd
- yum: name=vsftpd state=absent
-
- - name: 安装vsftpd
- yum: name=vsftpd state=latest
-
- - name: 启动服务
- service: name=vsftpd state=started enabled=yes
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook ./test001.yml
-
- PLAY [group02] *********************************************************************
-
- TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************
- ok: [192.168.2.111]
- ok: [other]
- ok: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [卸载vsftpd] ********************************************************************
- changed: [other]
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [安装vsftpd] ********************************************************************
- changed: [other]
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [启动服务] ************************************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
- changed: [other]
-
- PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************
- 192.168.2.110 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- 192.168.2.111 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- other : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
-
复制代码 4.用剧本修改vsftpd文件,不允许匿名访问
修改配置文件后,要重新启动服务
- # 可以访问到数据
-
- [root@m0 ~]# lftp 192.168.2.110
- lftp 192.168.2.110:~> ls
- drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Jun 09 2021 pub
- lftp 192.168.2.110:/> exit
- [root@m0 ~]# lftp 192.168.2.111
- lftp 192.168.2.111:~> ls
- drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Jun 09 2021 pub
- lftp 192.168.2.111:/> exit
-
- # 修改配置文件,不允许匿名用户登录
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test001.yml
- ---
- - hosts: group02
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 卸载vsftpd
- yum: name=vsftpd state=absent
-
- - name: 安装vsftpd
- yum: name=vsftpd state=latest
-
- - name: 启动服务
- service: name=vsftpd state=started enabled=yes
-
- - name: 修改配置文件
- command: sed -i '/^anonymous_enable=YES/s/YES/NO/g' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
- notify:
- - abcdefg
- handlers:
- - name: abcdefg
- service: name=vsftpd state=restarted
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook ./test001.yml
-
- PLAY [group02] *********************************************************************
-
- TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************
- ok: [other]
- ok: [192.168.2.110]
- ok: [192.168.2.111]
-
- TASK [卸载vsftpd] ********************************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [other]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [安装vsftpd] ********************************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [other]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [启动服务] ************************************************************************
- changed: [other]
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [修改配置文件] **********************************************************************
- [WARNING]: Consider using the replace, lineinfile or template module rather than
- running 'sed'. If you need to use command because replace, lineinfile or template
- is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set
- 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
- changed: [other]
-
- RUNNING HANDLER [abcdefg] **********************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
- changed: [other]
-
- PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************
- 192.168.2.110 : ok=6 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- 192.168.2.111 : ok=6 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- other : ok=6 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
-
-
- # 访问不到数据了
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test001.yml
- [root@m0 ~]# lftp 192.168.2.111
- lftp 192.168.2.111:~> ls
-
复制代码 5.剧本的格式:
- ---
- - hosts: 组名/别名/ip/域名
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 任务说明
- 模块: key0=value0
- service: name=vfstpd state=started enabled=yes
- - name: 修改配置文件
- command: sed ....
- notify:
- - abcdefg
-
-
- handler:
- - name: abcdefg
- service: name=vfstpd state=restarted
复制代码 6.将httpd的端标语80改为8080
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test002.yml
- ---
- - hosts: group01
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 将控制主机的repo文件复制到被控制主机
- copy: src=/etc/yum.repos.d dest=/etc/
-
- - name: 安装httpd
- yum: name=httpd state=present
-
- - name: 修改配置文件
- command: sed -i '/^Listen/s/80/8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
-
- - name: 修改默认的资源文件
- command: echo 'xxxxxxx' > /var/www/html/index.html
-
- - name: 启动httpd服务
- service: name=httpd state=started
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook ./test002.yml
-
- PLAY [group01] *********************************************************************
-
- TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************
- ok: [192.168.2.111]
- ok: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [将控制主机的repo文件复制到被控制主机] ********************************************************
- ok: [192.168.2.110]
- ok: [192.168.2.111]
-
- TASK [安装httpd] *********************************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [修改配置文件] **********************************************************************
- [WARNING]: Consider using the replace, lineinfile or template module rather than
- running 'sed'. If you need to use command because replace, lineinfile or template
- is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set
- 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
-
- TASK [修改默认的资源文件] *******************************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
-
- TASK [启动httpd服务] *******************************************************************
- changed: [192.168.2.110]
- changed: [192.168.2.111]
-
- PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************
- 192.168.2.110 : ok=6 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- 192.168.2.111 : ok=6 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
-
复制代码 7.使用剧本在不同主机上同时创建不同的文件
- [root@m0 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
-
- s0 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.2.110 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=1
-
- s1 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.2.111 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=1
-
- s2 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.2.112 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=1
-
- [s]
- s0
- s1
- s2
-
- ---
- - hosts: s1
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 创建一个文件
- file: path=/tmp/xxxxxx.txt state=touch
-
- - hosts: s2
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 也创建一个文件
- file: path=/tmp/yyyyy.txt state=touch
-
- ...
-
- [root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook ./test003.yml
-
- PLAY [s1] **************************************************************************
-
- TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************
- ok: [s1]
-
- TASK [创建一个文件] **********************************************************************
- changed: [s1]
-
- PLAY [s2] **************************************************************************
-
- TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************
- ok: [s2]
-
- TASK [也创建一个文件] *********************************************************************
- changed: [s2]
-
- PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************
- s1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- s2 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
复制代码 8.使用剧本搭建nfs服务
s1为nfs的服务器
s2为nfs的客户端
- [root@m0 ~]# vim test004.yml
-
- ---
- - hosts: s1
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 按装nfs-utils
- yum: name=nfs-utils state=present
-
- - name: 安装rpcbind
- yum: name=rpcbind state=present
-
- - name: 创建共享目录
- file: path=/static state=directory
-
- - name: 配置文件
- shell: echo '/static *(ro,sync)' > /etc/exports
-
- - name: 启动服务nfs
- service: name=nfs state=started enabled=yes
-
- - name: 启动服务rpcbind
- service: name=rpcbind state=started enabled=yes
-
- - hosts: s2
- remote_user: root
- tasks:
- - name: 安装nfs-utils
- yum: name=nfs-utils state=latest
-
- - name: 创建挂载目录
- file: path=/nfs state=directory
-
- - name: 挂载nfs文件
- command: mount -t nfs 192.168.2.111:/static /nfs
- ...
-
- # 验证
- [root@s2 ~]# df -h
- 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
- /dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 2.1G 15G 13% /
- devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
- tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
- tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
- tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
- /dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
- /dev/sr0 8.8G 8.8G 0 100% /mnt
- tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
- 192.168.2.111:/static 17G 2.1G 15G 13% /nfs
-
- [root@s1 ~]# touch /static/haha
-
- [root@s2 ~]# ls /nfs
- haha test
复制代码
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