在 StoneDB 1.0 版本中,InnoDB 引擎处理 OLTP 的事务型业务,Tianmu 引擎处理 OLAP 的分析型业务。因此,需要在主从复制环境的基础上做读写分离,所有的写操作和部分读操作走 InnoDB 引擎,所有的分析类查询走 Tianmu 引擎。读写分离方案既可以使用第三方中间件,也可以在业务前端实现。本文介绍的是较为常用的中间件 ProxySQL。
服务器配置说明
IPMemoryCPUOS version192.168.30.408G8CCentOS Linux release 7.9192.168.30.418G8CCentOS Linux release 7.9192.168.30.428G8CCentOS Linux release 7.9192.168.30.4616G16CCentOS Linux release 7.9注:主从环境中的各个服务器的配置一般情况下建议是一致的,但由于 StoneDB 不管重放 binlog,还是用于 OLAP 场景的查询,都是较消耗系统资源的,建议 StoneDB 配置略高于 MySQL。
主从环境说明
IPDATABASEROLEDB version192.168.30.40MySQLmasterMySQL 5.7192.168.30.41/ProxySQL/192.168.30.42MySQLslaveMySQL 5.7192.168.30.46StoneDBslaveStoneDB 5.7注:MySQL 与 StoneDB 的版本建议保持一致。
架构图说明

推荐采用一主两从的架构,上层的 ProxySQL 用于读写分离:
1)master(192.168.30.40)使用 InnoDB 引擎,可读写,提供 OLTP 场景的读写业务;
2)slave1(192.168.30.42)使用 InnoDB 引擎,只读,同时作为 standby,当 master 发生宕机时,可切换至 slave1,保证业务正常运行;
3)slave2(192.168.30.46)使用 Tianmu 引擎,只读,提供 OLAP 场景的读业务。
1、操作系统环境检查
操作系统环境检查的步骤在四个节点均需要执行。
1.1 关闭防火墙
- # systemctl stop firewalld
- # systemctl disable firewalld
复制代码 1.2 关闭SELINUX
- # vim /etc/selinux/config
- SELINUX = disabled
复制代码 1.3 设置Swap分区
修改vm.swappiness的值为1,表示尽量不使用Swap。- # vi /etc/sysctl.conf
- vm.swappiness = 1
复制代码 1.4 修改操作系统的限制
- # ulimit -a
- core file size (blocks, -c) 0
- data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
- scheduling priority (-e) 0
- file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
- pending signals (-i) 1031433
- max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64
- max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
- open files (-n) 65535
- pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
- POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
- real-time priority (-r) 0
- stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
- cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
- max user processes (-u) 1024
- virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
- file locks (-x) unlimited
- 修改操作系统的软硬限制
- # vim /etc/security/limits.conf
- * soft nofile 65535
- * hard nofile 65535
- mysql soft nproc 1028056
- mysql hard nproc 1028056
复制代码 1.5 创建用户
- # groupadd mysql
- # useradd -g mysql mysql
- # passwd mysql
复制代码 ProxySQL 节点无需创建,以上步骤执行完之后,重启操作系统。
2、部署MySQL
在 master 节点和 slave1 节点安装 MySQL。
2.1 下载安装包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
从官网下载 MySQL 5.7 的安装包。
2.2 卸载mariadb
- # rpm -qa|grep mariadb
- mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
- mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
- mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
- # yum remove mariadb*
- # rpm -qa|grep mariadb
复制代码 2.3 上传tar包并解压
- # tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
- # cd /usr/local/
- # mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
复制代码 2.4 创建目录
- # mkdir -p /mysql/data/
- # mkdir -p /mysql/log
- # chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/
复制代码 2.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
master
- # vim /etc/my.cnf
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- port = 3306
- basedir = /usr/local/mysql
- datadir = /mysql/data
- socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
- pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid
- log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log
- log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog
- server_id = 40
- character_set_server = utf8mb4
- collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
- max_connections = 1000
- binlog_format = row
- default_storage_engine = innodb
- read_only=0
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000
- innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_io_capacity = 4000
- innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
- #开启GTID模式
- gtid_mode = on
- enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
- #并行复制
- binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET
- transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
复制代码 slave1
- # vim /etc/my.cnf
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- port = 3306
- basedir = /usr/local/mysql
- datadir = /mysql/data
- socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
- pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid
- log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log
- log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog
- server_id = 42
- character_set_server = utf8mb4
- collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
- max_connections = 1000
- binlog_format = row
- default_storage_engine = innodb
- read_only=1
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000
- innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_io_capacity = 4000
- innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
- #开启GTID模式
- gtid_mode = on
- enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
- #并行复制
- slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
- slave_parallel_workers = 4
复制代码 2.6 初始化实例
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
复制代码 2.7 启动实例
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
复制代码 注:管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中,第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
3、部署StoneDB
3.1 下载安装包
https://stonedb.io/zh/docs/download/
从官网下载 StoneDB 5.7 的安装包。
3.2 上传tar包并解压
- # cd /
- # tar -zxvf stonedb-ce-5.7-v1.0.0.el7.x86_64.tar.gz
复制代码 用户可根据安装规范将安装包上传至服务器,解压出来的目录是 stonedb57,示例中的安装路径是 /stonedb57。
3.3 检查依赖文件
- # cd /stonedb57/install/bin
- # ldd mysqld
- # ldd mysql
复制代码 如果检查返回有关键字"not found",说明缺少文件,需要安装对应的依赖包。例如:
libsnappy.so.1 => not found
在 Ubuntu 上使用命令 "sudo apt search libsnappy" 检查,说明需要安装 libsnappy-dev。在 RedHat 或者 CentOS 上使用命令 "yum search all snappy" 检查,说明需要安装 snappy-devel、snappy。
3.4 创建目录
- mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/data
- mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/binlog
- mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/log
- mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/tmp
- mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/redolog
- mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/undolog
- chown -R mysql:mysql /stonedb57
复制代码 3.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
- # vim /stonedb57/install/my.cnf
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- port = 3306
- basedir = /stonedb57/install/
- datadir = /stonedb57/install/data
- socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock
- pid_file = /stonedb57/install/data/mysqld.pid
- log_error = /stonedb57/install/log/mysqld.log
- log_bin = /stonedb57/install/binlog/binlog
- server_id = 46
- character_set_server = utf8mb4
- collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
- max_connections = 1000
- binlog_format = row
- default_storage_engine = tianmu
- read_only=1
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048000000
- innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_io_capacity = 4000
- innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
- innodb_log_group_home_dir = /stonedb57/install/redolog/
- innodb_undo_directory = /stonedb57/install/undolog/
- innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
- innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
- innodb_undo_logs = 128
- #开启GTID模式
- gtid_mode = on
- enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
- #并行复制
- slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
- slave_parallel_workers = 8
复制代码 3.6 初始化实例
- /stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
复制代码 3.7 启动实例
- /stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --user=mysql &
复制代码 注:管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中,第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
4、配置主从
4.1 创建复制用户
- create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'mysql123';
- grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
复制代码 4.2 备份主库
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmysql123 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=on -B aa > /tmp/aa.sql
复制代码 4.3 传输备份文件
- scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.42:/tmp
- scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.43:/tmp
复制代码 注:如果数据较大,建议使用 mydumper.
4.4 slave1节点
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /mysqldb/data/mysql.sock
- source /tmp/aa.sql
复制代码 注:恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.5 slave2节点
在恢复前,需要修改存储引擎,注释锁表语句。- sed -i 's/UNLOCK TABLES/-- UNLOCK TABLES/g' /tmp/aa.sql
- sed -i 's/LOCK TABLES `/-- LOCK TABLES `/g' /tmp/aa.sql
- sed -i 's/ENGINE=InnoDB/ENGINE=tianmu/g' /tmp/aa.sql
- /stonedb57/install/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock
- source /tmp/aa.sql
复制代码 注:恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.6 建立主从复制
slave1节点
- CHANGE MASTER TO
- MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40',
- MASTER_PORT=3306,
- MASTER_USER='repl',
- MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123',
- MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;
- start slave;
- show slave status\G
复制代码 slave2节点
- CHANGE MASTER TO
- MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40',
- MASTER_PORT=3306,
- MASTER_USER='repl',
- MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123',
- MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;
- start slave;
- show slave status\G
复制代码 5、配置ProxySQL
5.1 安装ProxySQL
- # mkdir -p /home/ProxySQL
- # cd /home/ProxySQL
- # yum install proxysql-2.2.0-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
- # rpm -qa|grep proxysql
- # rpm -ql proxysql
复制代码 注:/etc/proxysql.cnf 为 ProxySQL 的配置文件。
5.2 启动ProxySQL
- # systemctl start proxysql
- # netstat -lntp|grep proxysql
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6032 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17957/proxysql
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17957/proxysql
复制代码 注:6032是管理端口,6033是服务端口。
5.3 管理员登录ProxySQL
- # mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032 --prompt='ProxySQL>'
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 1
- Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- ProxySQL>show databases;
- +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
- | seq | name | file |
- +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
- | 0 | main | |
- | 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
- | 3 | stats | |
- | 4 | monitor | |
- | 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
- +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 注:ProxySQL 的用户名和密码默认都是 admin,加参数 prompt 是为了便于区分环境。
5.4 创建ProxySQL所需用户
在 master 上创建 ProxySQL 的监控用户和对外访问用户,其中监控用户只需要有 replication client 权限即可。- ###监控用户
- create user 'monitor'@'%' identified by 'MySQL_123';
- grant replication client on *.* to 'monitor'@'%';
- ###对外访问用户(用于连接ProxySQL)
- create user 'proxysql'@'%' identified by 'MySQL_123';
- grant select,delete,update,insert on *.* to 'proxysql'@'%';
复制代码 5.5 配置ProxySQL主从分组信息
1)创建分组
表 mysql_replication_hostgroups 的字段 writer_hostgroup、reader_hostgroup 分别代表写组和读组,都要大于0且不能相同,该环境中定义写组为10,读组为20。
ProxySQL 会根据 read_only 的取值将 server 进行分组,read_only=0为 master,被分到编号为10的写组,read_only=1为 slave,被分到编号为20的读组。- ###创建分组
- insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups(writer_hostgroup,reader_hostgroup,comment) values(10,20,'proxy');
- load mysql servers to runtime;
- save mysql servers to disk;
- ###查看三层配置系统是否都写入数据
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_replication_hostgroups;
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- | writer_hostgroup | reader_hostgroup | check_type | comment |
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- | 10 | 20 | read_only | proxy |
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ProxySQL>select * from runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups;
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- | writer_hostgroup | reader_hostgroup | check_type | comment |
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- | 10 | 20 | read_only | proxy |
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_replication_hostgroups;
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- | writer_hostgroup | reader_hostgroup | check_type | comment |
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- | 10 | 20 | read_only | proxy |
- +------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 2)添加主从节点
- insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'192.168.30.40',3306);
- insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(20,'192.168.30.46',3306);
- load mysql servers to runtime;
- save mysql servers to disk;
- ###查看状态
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_servers;
- +--------------+---------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
- | hostgroup_id | hostname | port | gtid_port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
- +--------------+---------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
- | 20 | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
- | 20 | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
- +--------------+---------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 3)为ProxySQL创建监控用户
- ###创建监控用户(在ProxySQL创建)
- set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
- set mysql-monitor_password='MySQL_123';
- load mysql variables to runtime;
- save mysql variables to disk;
- ###对连接用户监控
- ProxySQL>select * from monitor.mysql_server_connect_log;
- +---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | hostname | port | time_start_us | connect_success_time_us | connect_error |
- +---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183920198998 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183920926981 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183970671663 | 1616 | NULL |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183971672625 | 2089 | NULL |
- +---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 注:在没有创建监控用户前,会有很多的connect_error,这是因为没有配置监控信息时的错误,配置后如果connect_error的结果为NULL,则表示正常。
- ###对心跳信息的监控
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_server_ping_log limit 10;
- +---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | hostname | port | time_start_us | ping_success_time_us | ping_error |
- +---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183880229349 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183880427787 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183890229405 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183890336793 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183900229529 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183900357491 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183910229710 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183910406115 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183920229740 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183920346638 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- +---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- ###对read_only值监控
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_server_read_only_log limit 10;
- +---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | hostname | port | time_start_us | success_time_us | read_only | error |
- +---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183876942878 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183876961694 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183878441697 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183878461063 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183879941587 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183879961993 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183881441750 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183881461890 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.40 | 3306 | 1664183882942044 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'192.168.30.41' (using password: YES) |
- | 192.168.30.46 | 3306 | 1664183882958866 | 0 | NULL | timeout on creating new connection: Access denied for user 'monitor'@'HAMI02' (using password: YES) |
- +---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 注:monitor就会开始监控后端的read_only值,然后按照read_only的值将某些节点自动移到读写组。
复制代码 4)为ProxySQL配置对外访问用户
- insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('proxysql','MySQL_123',10);
- insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('proxysql2','*0815E74A768849A6CCF0E9C1C5B940FB4D9F839E',20);
- load mysql users to runtime;
- save mysql users to disk;
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_users\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- username: proxysql
- password: MySQL_123
- active: 1
- use_ssl: 0
- default_hostgroup: 10
- default_schema: NULL
- schema_locked: 0
- transaction_persistent: 1
- fast_forward: 0
- backend: 1
- frontend: 1
- max_connections: 10000
- attributes:
- comment:
- *************************** 2. row ***************************
- username: proxysql2
- password: *0815E74A768849A6CCF0E9C1C5B940FB4D9F839E
- active: 1
- use_ssl: 0
- default_hostgroup: 20
- default_schema: NULL
- schema_locked: 0
- transaction_persistent: 1
- fast_forward: 0
- backend: 1
- frontend: 1
- max_connections: 10000
- attributes:
- comment:
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 mysql_users 表最主要的三个字段 username、password、default_hostgroup 解释。
username:前端连接 ProxySQL 的数据库用户
password:用户对应的密码,即可以是明文密码,也可以是 hash 密码,如果想使用 hash 密码,可以先在某个节点上执行 select password('password'),然后将加密结果复制到该字段。
default_hostgroup:用户默认的路由目标,例如:若用户 proxysql2 是个只读用户,则该字段值可以设置为20,表示所有的SQL语句默认情况下将路由到 hostgroup_id=20 的组;若用户不是只读用户,则该字段必须设置为10,表示 DML 语句会路由到 hostgroup_id=10 的组,查询语句即会路由到 hostgroup_id=10 的组,也会路由到 hostgroup_id=20 的组。
5.6 配置读写分离策略
ProxySQL 的路由规则配置比较灵活,可以基于用户级别,数据库级别等。由于 StoneDB 提供的是 OLAP 分析型查询业务场景,建议将聚合类查询、即席查询、复杂查询等分发到 StoneDB。由于只是测试,因此只配置了几个简单的路由规则。
与查询规则有关的表有两个:mysql_query_rules 和 mysql_query_rules_fast_routing,表mysql_query_rules_fast_routing 是 mysql_query_rules 的扩展,并在以后评估快速路由策略和属性(仅在ProxySQL 1.4.7+中可用)。
mysql_query_rules 表的几个字段解释。
active:是否启用这个规则,1表示启用,0表示禁用
match_pattern:设置规则
destination_hostgroup:默认指定的分组
apply:真正执行应用规则- ###创建规则
- 这里我创建两个规则:
- 1)把所有以select开头的语句分配到编号为20的读组中;
- 2)把select...for update语句分配到编号为10的写组中,其他所有操作都会默认路由到写组。
- insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,1,'^select.*for update$',10,1);
- insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(2,1,'^select',20,1);
- insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(3,1,'^select*sum',20,1);
- load mysql query rules to runtime;
- save mysql query rules to disk;
- ###查看规则
- ProxySQL>select * from mysql_query_rules\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- rule_id: 1
- active: 1
- username: NULL
- schemaname: NULL
- flagIN: 0
- client_addr: NULL
- proxy_addr: NULL
- proxy_port: NULL
- digest: NULL
- match_digest: NULL
- match_pattern: ^select.*for update$
- negate_match_pattern: 0
- re_modifiers: CASELESS
- flagOUT: NULL
- replace_pattern: NULL
- destination_hostgroup: 10
- cache_ttl: NULL
- cache_empty_result: NULL
- cache_timeout: NULL
- reconnect: NULL
- timeout: NULL
- retries: NULL
- delay: NULL
- next_query_flagIN: NULL
- mirror_flagOUT: NULL
- mirror_hostgroup: NULL
- error_msg: NULL
- OK_msg: NULL
- sticky_conn: NULL
- multiplex: NULL
- gtid_from_hostgroup: NULL
- log: NULL
- apply: 1
- attributes:
- comment: NULL
- *************************** 2. row ***************************
- rule_id: 2
- active: 1
- username: NULL
- schemaname: NULL
- flagIN: 0
- client_addr: NULL
- proxy_addr: NULL
- proxy_port: NULL
- digest: NULL
- match_digest: NULL
- match_pattern: ^select
- negate_match_pattern: 0
- re_modifiers: CASELESS
- flagOUT: NULL
- replace_pattern: NULL
- destination_hostgroup: 20
- cache_ttl: NULL
- cache_empty_result: NULL
- cache_timeout: NULL
- reconnect: NULL
- timeout: NULL
- retries: NULL
- delay: NULL
- next_query_flagIN: NULL
- mirror_flagOUT: NULL
- mirror_hostgroup: NULL
- error_msg: NULL
- OK_msg: NULL
- sticky_conn: NULL
- multiplex: NULL
- gtid_from_hostgroup: NULL
- log: NULL
- apply: 1
- attributes:
- comment: NULL
- *************************** 3. row ***************************
- rule_id: 3
- active: 1
- username: NULL
- schemaname: NULL
- flagIN: 0
- client_addr: NULL
- proxy_addr: NULL
- proxy_port: NULL
- digest: NULL
- match_digest: NULL
- match_pattern: ^select*sum
- negate_match_pattern: 0
- re_modifiers: CASELESS
- flagOUT: NULL
- replace_pattern: NULL
- destination_hostgroup: 20
- cache_ttl: NULL
- cache_empty_result: NULL
- cache_timeout: NULL
- reconnect: NULL
- timeout: NULL
- retries: NULL
- delay: NULL
- next_query_flagIN: NULL
- mirror_flagOUT: NULL
- mirror_hostgroup: NULL
- error_msg: NULL
- OK_msg: NULL
- sticky_conn: NULL
- multiplex: NULL
- gtid_from_hostgroup: NULL
- log: NULL
- apply: 1
- attributes:
- comment: NULL
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 注:select...for update 规则的 rule_id 必须要小于普通的 select 规则的 rule_id,因为 ProxySQL 是根据 rule_id的顺序进行规则匹配的。
5.7 读写分离测试
1)读操作
- # mysql -uproxysql -pMySQL_123 -h127.0.0.1 -P6033
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 6
- Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- proxysql@HAMI02 17:21: [(none)]> select sum(money) from aa.ttt;
- +------------+
- | sum(money) |
- +------------+
- | 88888.8 |
- +------------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
- proxysql@HAMI02 17:21: [(none)]> select @@server_id;
- +-------------+
- | @@server_id |
- +-------------+
- | 46 |
- +-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 2)写操作
- # mysql -uproxysql -pMySQL_123 -h127.0.0.1 -P6033
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 19
- Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- proxysql@HAMI02 19:53: [(none)]> begin;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- proxysql@HAMI02 19:54: [(none)]> insert into aa.t1 values(7);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- proxysql@HAMI02 19:54: [(none)]> select @@server_id;
- +-------------+
- | @@server_id |
- +-------------+
- | 40 |
- +-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 6、建议项
1)建议设置为 GTID 模式,好处是从库发生 crash 后,不需要去找位点,系统会自动拉起复制线程;
2)在从库的并行 worker 相同的情况下,从库 StoneDB 相比从库 InnoDB 会消耗更多的CPU资源,如果未来上生产环境,建议 StoneDB 的配置略比 InnoDB 的配置高;
3)若从库 StoneDB 的延迟较高,可临时关闭参数 tianmu_enable_rowstore,待追上主库后再开启参数。关闭该参数带来的风险是如果在同步过程中 StoneDB 发生重启,重启后会出现丢数据的情况;
4)建议将聚合类查询、即席查询、复杂查询等分发到 StoneDB。
免责声明:如果侵犯了您的权益,请联系站长,我们会及时删除侵权内容,谢谢合作! |