创建部署详见 Kubernetes(K8S) Deployment 部署 Pod
传统应用升级,一般是V1.0的jar包,有一个应对 1.0 的 shell 启动脚本。升级时,传 2.0 的 jar包,配置 2.0 的 shell 脚本。
执行顺序为,停1.0的服务,启2.0的服务,有问题时,把2.0停掉再执行 1.0的shell脚本,手动恢复到1.0 版本,服务多的情况下,就很崩溃,而且服务会中断不可用。
高并发、高可用系统普及的今天,服务的升级更新至少要做到“业务不中断”。而滚动更新(Rolling-update)恰是满足这一需求的一种系统更新升级方案。对于Kubernetes集群部署的Service来说,Rolling update就是指一次仅更新一个Pod,然后逐个进行更新,而不是在同一时刻将该Service下面的所有Pod shutdown,然后去更新,逐个更新可以避免将业务中断;
RollingUpdate命令:通过自动扩缩容实现自动滚动升级
指令格式:kubectl rolling-update 旧控制器 新控制器 --image=新镜像
1. 发布新版到阿里云镜像仓库
- Last login: Tue Oct 18 16:39:53 2022 from 172.16.0.66
- [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/demo/
- [root@localhost demo]# ll
- 总用量 17160
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17566582 10月 19 11:50 demojenkins.jar
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 126 10月 18 17:56 Dockerfile
- [root@localhost demo]# docker login --username=hiXXXXXX@aliyun.com registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com
- Password:
- WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
- Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
- https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
- Login Succeeded
- [root@localhost demo]# docker build -t demo:2.0 .
- Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.57MB
- Step 1/4 : FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
- ---> a3562aa0b991
- Step 2/4 : VOLUME /tmp
- ---> Using cache
- ---> a98cf1fbeb9d
- Step 3/4 : ADD ./demojenkins.jar demojenkins.jar
- ---> 12bfc15e5295
- Step 4/4 : ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/demojenkins.jar", "&"]
- ---> Running in 2908dd94dfa7
- Removing intermediate container 2908dd94dfa7
- ---> 3041db93b6df
- Successfully built 3041db93b6df
- Successfully tagged demo:2.0
- [root@localhost demo]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- demo 2.0 3041db93b6df About a minute ago 122MB
- demo 1.0 1952e02daef9 19 hours ago 122MB
- openjdk 8-jdk-alpine a3562aa0b991 3 years ago 105MB
- java 8 d23bdf5b1b1b 5 years ago 643MB
- [root@localhost demo]# docker tag 3041db93b6df registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:2.0
- [root@localhost demo]# docker push registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:2.0
- The push refers to repository [registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft]
- c38fa2e9a247: Pushed
- ceaf9e1ebef5: Layer already exists
- 9b9b7f3d56a0: Layer already exists
- f1b5933fe4b5: Layer already exists
- 2.0: digest: sha256:785c4707e7e629d22b5609310d8f945c107b277b94925cc0dbebdb3621b size: 1159
- [root@localhost demo]#
复制代码
2. 查看现有Pod信息(升级后对比用)
- # 查看创建的 Deployment 对象
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get deployments
- NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
- javademo1 3/3 3 3 19h
- nginx 1/1 1 1 5d21h
- # 查看 Deployment 上线状态
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout status deployment/javademo1
- deployment "javademo1" successfully rolled out
- # 查看 Deployment 对象创建的 ReplicaSet:
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get rs
- NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
- javademo1-84dd5c9485 3 3 3 4h25m
- nginx-f89759699 1 1 1 5d21h
- # 查看 Deployment 对象操作 ReplicaSet 创建的 Pod,并显示生成的标签:
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
- javademo1-84dd5c9485-7vgkr 1/1 Running 0 4h20m app=javademo1,pod-template-hash=84dd5c9485
- javademo1-84dd5c9485-8ckk6 1/1 Running 0 4h26m app=javademo1,pod-template-hash=84dd5c9485
- javademo1-84dd5c9485-8hfmd 1/1 Running 0 4h20m app=javademo1,pod-template-hash=84dd5c9485
- nginx-f89759699-5hkdw 1/1 Running 0 5d21h app=nginx,pod-template-hash=f89759699
- #查看当前运行的 Pod
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
- javademo1-84dd5c9485-7vgkr 1/1 Running 0 4h31m
- javademo1-84dd5c9485-8ckk6 1/1 Running 0 4h37m
- javademo1-84dd5c9485-8hfmd 1/1 Running 0 4h31m
- nginx-f89759699-5hkdw 1/1 Running 0 5d21h
- # 查看 Deployeement 详情
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe deployment/javademo1
- Name: javademo1
- Namespace: default
- CreationTimestamp: Tue, 18 Oct 2022 18:51:25 +0800
- Labels: app=javademo1
- Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 2
- Selector: app=javademo1
- Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
- StrategyType: RollingUpdate
- MinReadySeconds: 0
- RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
- Pod Template:
- Labels: app=javademo1
- Containers:
- vipsoft:
- Image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:1.0
- Port: <none>
- Host Port: <none>
- Environment: <none>
- Mounts: <none>
- Volumes: <none>
- Conditions:
- Type Status Reason
- ---- ------ ------
- Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
- Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
- OldReplicaSets: <none>
- NewReplicaSet: javademo1-84dd5c9485 (3/3 replicas created)
- Events: <none>
复制代码 Deployment, kubectl get deployments 所显示的字段有:
- NAME:列出了名字空间中 Deployment 的名称。
- READY:显示应用程序的可用的“副本”数。显示的模式是“就绪个数/期望个数”。
- UP-TO-DATE:显示为了达到期望状态已经更新的副本数。
- AVAILABLE:显示应用可供用户使用的副本数。
- AGE:显示应用程序运行的时间。
ReplicaSet, kubectl get rs 输出中包含以下字段:
- NAME:列出名字空间中 ReplicaSet 的名称;[Deployment名称]-[随机字符串]
- DESIRED:显示应用的期望副本个数,即在创建 Deployment 时所定义的值。 此为期望状态;
- CURRENT:显示当前运行状态中的副本个数;
- READY:显示应用中有多少副本可以为用户提供服务;
- AGE:显示应用已经运行的时间长度。
3. Deployment 升级
方法1- # 查看 Deployeement 详情 里可以看到 Containers 内容
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl set image deployment/javademo1 vipsoft=registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:2.0
- deployment.apps/javademo1 image updated
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout status deployment/javademo1
- deployment "javademo1" successfully rolled out
- [root@k8smaster ~]#
复制代码 方法2- # Containers:
- # vipsoft:
- # Image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:1.0 #将 :1.0 改成 2.0
- # 一旦镜像名(或 Pod 定义)发生了修改,则触发 k8s 系统完成 Deployment 所有运行 Pod 的滚动升级操作
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl edit deployment/javademo1
- deployment "javademo1" edited
复制代码 查看已更新的 Deployment 的信息- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get deployments
- NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
- javademo1 3/3 3 3 20h
- nginx 1/1 1 1 5d22h
- # 扩容了3个副本,将旧的 ReplicaSet 缩容到了 0 个副本,完成了Pod的升级
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get rs
- NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
- javademo1-5476dc8d7d 3 3 3 11m
- javademo1-84dd5c9485 0 0 0 5h17m
- nginx-f89759699 1 1 1 5d22h
- #只有最新的 5476dc8d7d 信息
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
- javademo1-5476dc8d7d-bf6m5 1/1 Running 0 11m
- javademo1-5476dc8d7d-ttt5b 1/1 Running 0 11m
- javademo1-5476dc8d7d-zd4c7 1/1 Running 0 11m
- nginx-f89759699-5hkdw 1/1 Running 0 5d22h
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe deployment/javademo1
- Name: javademo1
- Namespace: default
- CreationTimestamp: Tue, 18 Oct 2022 18:51:25 +0800
- Labels: app=javademo1
- Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 3
- Selector: app=javademo1
- Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
- StrategyType: RollingUpdate
- MinReadySeconds: 0
- RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
- Pod Template:
- Labels: app=javademo1
- Containers:
- vipsoft:
- Image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:2.0
- Port: <none>
- Host Port: <none>
- Environment: <none>
- Mounts: <none>
- Volumes: <none>
- Conditions:
- Type Status Reason
- ---- ------ ------
- Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
- Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
- OldReplicaSets: <none>
- NewReplicaSet: javademo1-5476dc8d7d (3/3 replicas created)
- Events:
- Type Reason Age From Message
- ---- ------ ---- ---- -------
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 12m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 1
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 2
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 2
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 1
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 3
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 0
- [root@k8smaster ~]#
复制代码
上面 Events: 可以看出,先 up javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 1,再停 javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 2,Pod 逐个 滚动式更新,如下图:
Deployment 更新策略
在 Deployment 的定义中,可以通过 spec.strategy 指定 Pod 的更新策略,目前支持两种更新策略:
Recreate(重建):设置 spec.strategy.type=Recreate,表示 Deployment 在更新 Pod 时,会先杀掉所有正在运行的 Pod,然后创建新的 Pod。
RollingUpdate(滚动更新):设置 spec.strategy.type=RollingUpdate,表示 Deployment 会以滚动更新的方式来逐个更新 Pod。同时,可以通过设置 spec.strategy.rollingUpdate 下的两个参数(maxUnavailable 和 maxSurge)来控制滚动更新的过程。
4. Deployment 回滚
- # 查看 Deployment 部署历史, CHANGE-CAUSE 里没有值,需要在创建 Deployment 时,使用 --record 参数,就可以在 CHANGE-CAUSE 列看到每个版本使用的命令了
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment/javademo1
- deployment.apps/javademo1
- REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
- 1 <none>
- 2 <none>
- # 查看版本 2 的信息:
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment/javademo1 --revision=2
- deployment.apps/javademo1 with revision #2
- Pod Template:
- Labels: app=javademo1
- pod-template-hash=84dd5c9485
- Containers:
- vipsoft:
- Image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:1.0
- Port: <none>
- Host Port: <none>
- Environment: <none>
- Mounts: <none>
- Volumes: <none>
- # kubeetl rollout undo deployment/javademo1 --to-revision=2 加上参数,回滚到指定版本
- # 这边没加参加,回滚到上一个版本
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/javademo1
- deployment.apps/javademo1 rolled back
- [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe deployment/javademo1
- Name: javademo1
- Namespace: default
- CreationTimestamp: Tue, 18 Oct 2022 18:51:25 +0800
- Labels: app=javademo1
- Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 4
- Selector: app=javademo1
- Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
- StrategyType: RollingUpdate
- MinReadySeconds: 0
- RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
- Pod Template:
- Labels: app=javademo1
- Containers:
- vipsoft:
- Image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/vipsoft/vipsoft:1.0
- Port: <none>
- Host Port: <none>
- Environment: <none>
- Mounts: <none>
- Volumes: <none>
- Conditions:
- Type Status Reason
- ---- ------ ------
- Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
- Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
- OldReplicaSets: <none>
- NewReplicaSet: javademo1-84dd5c9485 (3/3 replicas created)
- Events:
- Type Reason Age From Message
- ---- ------ ---- ---- -------
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 51m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 1
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 50m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 2
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 50m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 2
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 50m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 3
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 50m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 1
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 50m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 0
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 20s (x2 over 5h57m) deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 1
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 17s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 2
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 17s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 2
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 15s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 1
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 14s (x2 over 5h51m) deployment-controller Scaled up replica set javademo1-84dd5c9485 to 3
- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 9s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set javademo1-5476dc8d7d to 0
- [root@k8smaster ~]#
复制代码 history 中 CHANGE-CAUSE 里没有值,需要在创建 Deployment 时,使用 --record 参数,就可以在 CHANGE-CAUSE 列看到每个版本使用的命令了
看了很多贴子,这篇不错:Pod 的升级和回滚
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