1.配景
迩来调研python opencv, cuda加速矩阵/向量运算, 对于矩阵的线性变换, 秩, 转秩, 行列式变化等概概念模糊不清.
大概讲义依旧是天书, 于是上B站搜刮线性代数, 看到 3Blue1Brown 线性变换本质 视频, 点击观看.
惊为天人 --> 豁然开朗 --> 突然顿悟 --> 开心不已
感觉大学的线性代数讲义, 是真的差.
3Blue1Brown 线性变换本质 视频动画可视化
二维向量,
三维向量,
二维向量: 缩放,位移
–>引出矩阵乘法的几何意义
–> 引出矩阵乘法 为什么是 行x列, 行 = 列, 代数盘算的规定
—> 引出线性变化, 行列式变化
----> 引出逆矩阵
-----> 引出基座标变化
点积 可视化映射, 盘算 --> 引出 点积作用, 求两个向量夹角
…
通过视频, 动画演示 二维, 三维向量变化 引出代数公式.
而大学讲义, 只界说和说明矩阵和线性代数公式的盘算, 没有介绍原有, 用途;
故学完就忘, 根本记不住
[ 3 0 0 2 ] X [ 1 1 ] 矩阵乘法几何意义 , 缩放 \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix} X \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} 矩阵乘法几何意义, 缩放 [3002]X[11]矩阵乘法几何意义,缩放
[ 1 1 0 1 ] X [ 1 1 ] 矩阵乘法几何意义 , 位移 \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} X \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} 矩阵乘法几何意义, 位移 [1011]X[11]矩阵乘法几何意义,位移
本身也有一些 微积分,线性变化盘算的想法, 也想动画可视化这些盘算过程.
于是实行安装运行python manimgl
版本说明: manim数学动画制作有3个版本
- manim: 原作者版本
- manimgl : 通过opengl即时绘制动画, 可以通过ipython交互, 输入下令, 即时显示结果 --> 现场教学推荐
- manimCE: 社区维护版, 原作者重要做数学视频, 没时间管理github pr请求, 由社区维护 --> 推荐版本
2.题目
测试情况1:
- 系统: wsl ubuntu24.04
- python 版本: 3.12
测试情况2:
- 系统: wsl ubuntu22.04
- python 版本: 3.10
安装依赖
- # 依赖库
- sudo apt install -y libcairo2-dev libpango1.0-dev libpangocairo-1.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev
- sudo apt install -y libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libjpeg-dev libfreetype6-dev libsdl2-dev libopenjp2-7-dev zlib1g-dev tesseract-ocr
- sudo apt install -y libtesseract-dev libwebp-dev ffmpeg texlive
- sudo apt install -y texlive-full
- # Note: texlive-full 安装需要极长时间, 请耐心等待
- # 更新pip
- pip install --upgrade pip
- # 1.创建虚拟环境
- python3 -m venv manimgl
- # 2.加载环境
- source manimgl/bin/activate
- # 3.安装manimgl
- pip3 install manimgl
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl/bin/manimgl", line 5, in <module>
- from manimlib.__main__ import main
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
- from manimlib import __version__
- ImportError: cannot import name '__version__' from 'manimlib' (/home/liuj/venv/manimgl/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/__init__.py)
3.办理过程
方法1: 实行安装低版本manimgl --> Fail
查询manimgl版本
pip index versions manimgl
manimgl (1.7.2)
Available versions: 1.7.2, 1.7.1, 1.7.0, 1.6.1, 1.6.0, 1.5.0, 1.4.1, 1.4.0, 1.3.0, 1.2.0, 1.1.0, 1.0.0
安装低版本 1.6.1
- mkdir ~/venv; cd ~/venv
- # 1.创建虚拟环境
- python3 -m venv manimgl_v1.6
- # 2.加载环境
- source manimgl_v1.6/bin/activate
- # 3.安装低版本 manimgl
- pip3 install manimgl==1.6.1
- manimgl
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/bin/manimgl", line 5, in <module>
- from manimlib.__main__ import main
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
- import pkg_resources
- ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pkg_resources'
pip install --upgrade setuptools
再次运行 manimgl 成功
运行错误2:
gitee在线代码: 2_square_to_circle_方形变圆形.py
运行实例: manimgl 2_square_to_circle_方形变圆形.py SquareToCircle
- ManimGL v1.6.1
- [16:29:44] INFO Using the default configuration file, which you can modify in config.py:265
- `/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/default_config.yml`
- INFO If you want to create a local configuration file, you can create a file named `custom_config.yml`, or run `manimgl --config` config.py:266
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/bin/manimgl", line 8, in <module>
- sys.exit(main())
- ^^^^^^
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/__main__.py", line 25, in main
- scene.run()
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/scene/scene.py", line 91, in run
- self.construct()
- File "/home/liuj/3_work/4_python-example/7_数学_科学_计算/2_manim_manimgl数学动画/manimgl/2_square_to_circle_方形变圆形.py", line 4, in construct
- circle = Circle()
- ^^^^^^^^
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/mobject/geometry.py", line 324, in __init__
- Arc.__init__(self, 0, TAU, **kwargs)
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/mobject/geometry.py", line 218, in __init__
- VMobject.__init__(self, **kwargs)
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/mobject/types/vectorized_mobject.py", line 85, in __init__
- super().__init__(**kwargs)
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/mobject/mobject.py", line 89, in __init__
- self.init_points()
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/mobject/geometry.py", line 221, in init_points
- self.set_points(Arc.create_quadratic_bezier_points(
- File "/home/liuj/venv/manimgl_v1.6/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manimlib/mobject/types/vectorized_mobject.py", line 968, in wrapper
- if not np.all(self.get_points() == old_points):
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (24,3) (0,3)
numpy 的版本不匹配, 即numpy的版本太高, API不兼容
实行低沉numpy版本, 引入别的题目 --> 寻找别的办理方法
实行安装manimgl 1.5.0 版本, 遇到相同题目–> 寻找别的办理方法
方法2: 实行官网Anaconda安装方法 --> Fail
1.安装Anaconda3
中文博客安装教程: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29225913/article/details/105347317
清华源下载: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/
下载: Anaconda3-5.3.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
安装:
- bash Anaconda3-5.3.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
- # 按提示输入 yes, Enter
- # Note: vsocde 插件不要安装, 下载速度很慢
新开终端: conda -V
conda 4.5.11 --> 安装conda成功
2.conda安装manimgl教程
官网教程: https://3b1b.github.io/manim/getting_started/installation.html
- git clone https://github.com/3b1b/manim.git
- cd manim
- conda create -n manim python=3.8
- conda activate manim
- pip install -e .
- Looking in indexes: https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
- Obtaining file:///home/liuj/venv/manim
- Installing build dependencies ... done
- Checking if build backend supports build_editable ... done
- Getting requirements to build editable ... done
- Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
- Collecting addict (from manimgl==1.7.2)
- Using cached https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/packages/6a/00/b08f23b7d7e1e14ce01419a467b583edbb93c6cdb8654e54a9cc579cd61f/addict-2.4.0-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB)
- Collecting appdirs (from manimgl==1.7.2)
- Using cached https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/packages/3b/00/2344469e2084fb287c2e0b57b72910309874c3245463acd6cf5e3db69324/appdirs-1.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.6 kB)
- INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of manimgl to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
- ERROR: Ignored the following versions that require a different python version: 0.1.0 Requires-Python >=3.13; 0.2.0 Requires-Python >=3.13; 0.2.1 Requires-Python >=3.13
- ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement audioop-lts (from manimgl) (from versions: none)
- ERROR: No matching distribution found for audioop-lts
audioop-lts; python_version>=‘3.13’ --> audioop-lts 依赖python版本3.13
与conda python=3.8冲突, 估计是原作者, 没有指定audioop-lts版本 --> 放弃conda方法
方法3: 低沉python版本, 兼容manimgl --> OK
通过错误提示
- conda安装可知, manimgl 应该是在python=3.8版本验证通过
- python3.12 版本安装失败可知, 需要低沉python版本
故实行低沉python版本, 这里使用pyenv低沉版本.
1.安装pyenv
- curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
- export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
- [[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
- eval "$(pyenv init - bash)"
- eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
查看pyenv支持版本: pyenv install list
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.8.19
3.8.20
3.9.0
3.9.2
安装 3.8.20: pyenv install 3.8.20
Downloading Python-3.8.20.tar.xz…
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.20/Python-3.8.20.tar.xz
如果下载速度慢, 可以使用迅雷, 或开启VPN下载 Python-3.8.20.tar.xz, 拷贝到~/.pyenv/cache
- mkdir -p ~/.pyenv/cache
- cp -r Python-3.8.20.tar.xz ~/.pyenv/cache
- pyenv install 3.8.20
- # 等待安装成功
pyenv versions
- system (set by /home/liuj/.pyenv/version)
3.8.20
3.pyenv切换版本, 再次安装manimgl
切换: pyenv shell 3.8.20
确认: pyenv versions
system
* 3.8.20 (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)
python3 -V
Python 3.8.20
创建假造情况, 并安装manimgl
- mkdir ~/venv; cd ~/venv
- # 1.创建虚拟环境
- python3 -m venv manimgl_3.8
- # 2.加载环境
- source manimgl_3.8/bin/activate
- # 3.安装manimgl
- pip3 install manimgl
ubuntu22.04成功
ubuntu24.04失败
汇总
使用两台电脑验证, 测试验证
都遇到相同的题目.
最后只能在wsl ubuntu22.04 + python3.8 成功运行
4.总结
- 熟悉了python 版本管理: pyenv, conda
- 熟悉了python 情况管理: venv, virtualen
- manimgl版本是原作者更新, 测试不齐全, 发起使用manimCE 社区维护版制作动画视频
- windows未测试
- 动手能力强的, 猛烈推荐使用manimgl即时演绎 + 交互, 可以用于实时演示
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