.net/C#进程间通信技术方案总结

C# 应用进程间通信(IPC)技术方案

进程间通信(Inter-Process Communication, IPC)是不同进程之间互换数据和消息的机制。以下是C#中常用的IPC技术方案：
1. 定名管道(Named Pipes)

适用于本地机器上的进程通信，支持双向通信。
​​服务端示例​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. using System.IO.Pipes;
6. var server = new NamedPipeServerStream("MyPipe", PipeDirection.InOut);
7. server.WaitForConnection();
9. using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(server))
10. using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(server))
11. {
12.     string message = reader.ReadLine();
13.     Console.WriteLine($"Received: {message}");
14.     writer.WriteLine("Hello from server!");
15.     writer.Flush();
16. }

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​​客户端示例​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. using System.IO.Pipes;
6. var client = new NamedPipeClientStream(".", "MyPipe", PipeDirection.InOut);
7. client.Connect();
9. using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(client))
10. using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(client))
11. {
12.     writer.WriteLine("Hello from client!");
13.     writer.Flush();
14.     string response = reader.ReadLine();
15.     Console.WriteLine($"Server response: {response}");
16. }

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2. 内存映射文件(Memory-Mapped Files)

允许不同进程通过共享内存进行通信。
​​写入进程​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. using System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles;
6. using (var mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateOrOpen("MySharedMemory", 1024))
7. using (var accessor = mmf.CreateViewAccessor())
8. {
9.     byte[] message = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from Process 1!");
10.     accessor.WriteArray(0, message, 0, message.Length);
11. }

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​​读取进程​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. using (var mmf = MemoryMappedFile.OpenExisting("MySharedMemory"))
5. using (var accessor = mmf.CreateViewAccessor())
6. {
7.     byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
8.     accessor.ReadArray(0, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
9.     string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer).TrimEnd('\0');
10.     Console.WriteLine($"Received: {message}");
11. }

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3. WCF (Windows Communication Foundation)

.NET框架提供的强大通信框架，支持多种协议。
​​服务端​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. using System.ServiceModel;
6. [ServiceContract]
7. public interface IMyService
8. {
9.     [OperationContract]
10.     string GetMessage();
11. }
13. public class MyService : IMyService
14. {
15.     public string GetMessage() => "Hello from WCF service!";
16. }
18. var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(MyService), new Uri("net.pipe://localhost"));
19. host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IMyService), new NetNamedPipeBinding(), "MyService");
20. host.Open();

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​​客户端​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. var factory = new ChannelFactory<IMyService>(
5.     new NetNamedPipeBinding(),
6.     new EndpointAddress("net.pipe://localhost/MyService"));
7.    
8. IMyService proxy = factory.CreateChannel();
9. string message = proxy.GetMessage();
10. Console.WriteLine($"Service response: {message}");

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4. 套接字(Sockets)

适用于网络通信，也可用于本地进程间通信。
​​TCP服务端​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, 12345);
5. listener.Start();
7. var client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
8. using (var stream = client.GetStream())
9. using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
10. using (var writer = new StreamWriter(stream))
11. {
12.     string request = reader.ReadLine();
13.     writer.WriteLine($"Echo: {request}");
14.     writer.Flush();
15. }

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​​TCP客户端​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. var client = new TcpClient("localhost", 12345);
5. using (var stream = client.GetStream())
6. using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
7. using (var writer = new StreamWriter(stream))
8. {
9.     writer.WriteLine("Hello from client!");
10.     writer.Flush();
11.     string response = reader.ReadLine();
12.     Console.WriteLine(response);
13. }

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5. 消息队列(MSMQ)

适用于异步、可靠的进程间通信。
​​发送消息​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. using System.Messaging;
6. if (!MessageQueue.Exists(@".\Private$\MyQueue"))
7.     MessageQueue.Create(@".\Private$\MyQueue");
9. var queue = new MessageQueue(@".\Private$\MyQueue");
10. queue.Send("Hello from sender process!", "Test Message");

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​​接收消息​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. var queue = new MessageQueue(@".\Private$\MyQueue");
5. queue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new[] { typeof(string) });
7. Message message = queue.Receive();
8. Console.WriteLine($"Received: {message.Body}");

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6. 文件监视(File System Watcher)

通过共享文件和文件系统变乱进行通信。
​​写入进程​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. File.WriteAllText("shared.txt", "Hello from Process 1!");

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​​监视进程​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. var watcher = new FileSystemWatcher
5. {
6.     Path = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(),
7.     Filter = "shared.txt",
8.     NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastWrite
9. };
11. watcher.Changed += (s, e) =>
12. {
13.     string content = File.ReadAllText(e.FullPath);
14.     Console.WriteLine($"File changed: {content}");
15. };
17. watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

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7. COM/DCOM

适用于与遗留系统或非.NET应用程序通信。
​​COM服务器示例​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. [ComVisible(true)]
5. [Guid("...")]
6. [ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.AutoDual)]
7. public class MyComServer
8. {
9.     public string GetMessage() => "Hello from COM server!";
10. }

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​​COM客户端​​：

1. [/code]csharp
3. [code]
4. Type comType = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("MyComServer");
5. dynamic comObject = Activator.CreateInstance(comType);
6. string message = comObject.GetMessage();

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选择建议

• ​​高性能需求​​：内存映射文件或定名管道
  
• ​​跨机器通信​​：WCF或套接字
  
• ​​可靠异步通信​​：MSMQ
  
• ​​简单临时通信​​：文件监视
  
• ​​与旧系统集成​​：COM/DCOM
  

每种方案都有其适用场景，应根据具体需求选择最合适的IPC技术。

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