分析SpringBoot底层机制
Tomcat启动分析,Spring容器初始化,Tomcat如何关联Spring容器?
1.创建SpringBoot环境
(1)创建Maven程序,创建SpringBoot环境
(2)pom.xml导入SpringBoot的父工程和依赖- <parent>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <version>2.5.3</version>
- </parent>
- <dependencies>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
复制代码 (3)创建主程序MainApp.java- package com.li.springboot;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @SpringBootApplication//表示SpringBoot项目
- public class MainApp {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- //启动SpringBoot项目
- ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc =
- SpringApplication.run(MainApp.class, args);
- }
- }
复制代码 (4)启动项目,我们可以注意到Tomcat也随之启动了。
问题一:当我们执行run方法时,为什么会启动我们内置的tomcat?它的底层是如何实现的?
2.Spring容器初始化(@Configuration+@Bean)
我们知道,如果在一个类上添加了注解@Configuration,那么这个类就会变成配置类;配置类中通过@Bean注解,可以将方法中 new 出来的Bean对象注入到容器中,该bean对象的id默认为方法名。
配置类本身也会作为bean注入到容器中
 容器初始化的底层机制仍然是我们之前分析的Spring容器的机制(IO/文件扫描+注解+反射+集合+映射)
对比:
- Spring通过@ComponentScan,指定要扫描的包;而SpringBoot默认从主程序所在的包开始扫描,同时也可以指定要扫描的包(scanBasePackages = {"xxx.xx"})。
- Spring通过xml或者注解,指定要注入的bean;SpringBoot通过扫描配置类(对应spring的xml)的@Bean或者注解,指定注入bean
3.SpringBoot怎样启动Tomcat,并能支持访问@Controller?
由前面的例子1中可以看到,当启动SpringBoot时,tomcat也会随之启动。那么问题来了:
- SpringBoot是怎么内嵌Tomcat,并启动Tomcat的?
- 而且底层是怎样让@Controller修饰的控制器也可以被访问的?
3.1源码分析SpringApplication.run()
SpringApplication.run()方法会完成两个重要任务:
- 创建容器
- 容器的刷新:包括参数的刷新+启动Tomcat
(1)创建一个控制器- package com.li.springboot.controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- * HiController被标注后,作为一个控制器注入容器中
- */
- @RestController//相当于@Controller+@ResponseBody
- public class HiController {
- @RequestMapping("/hi")
- public String hi() {
- return "hi,HiController";
- }
- }
复制代码 (2)启动主程序MainApp.java,进行debug
(3)首先进入SpringApplication.java的run方法
(4)点击step into,进入如下方法- public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
- ...
- try {
- ...
- context = this.createApplicationContext();//严重分析,创建容器
- context.setApplicationStartup(this.applicationStartup);
- this.prepareContext(bootstrapContext, context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
- this.refreshContext(context);//刷新应用上下文,比如初始化默认设置/注入相关bean/启动Tomcat
- this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
- stopWatch.stop();
- ...
- } catch (Throwable var10) {...}
- ...
- }
复制代码 (5)分别对 **createApplicationContext() **和 refreshContext(context) 方法进行分析:
(5.1)step into 进入 **createApplicationContext() ** 方法中:- //springApplication.java
- //容器类型很多,会根据你的this.webApplicationType创建对应的容器,默认this.webApplicationType
- //的类型为SERVLET,也就是web容器(可以处理servlet)
- protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
- return this.applicationContextFactory.create(this.webApplicationType);
- }
复制代码 (5.2)点击进入下一层- //接口 ApplicationContextFactory.java
- //该方法根据webApplicationType创建不同的容器
- ApplicationContextFactory DEFAULT = (webApplicationType) -> {
- try {
- switch(webApplicationType) {
- case SERVLET://默认进入这一分支,返回
- //AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext容器
- return new AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext();
- case REACTIVE:
- return new AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext();
- default:
- return new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
- }
- } catch (Exception var2) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("Unable create a default ApplicationContext instance, you may need a custom ApplicationContextFactory", var2);
- }
- };
复制代码 总结:createApplicationContext()方法中创建了容器,但是还没有将bean注入到容器中。
(5.3)step into 进入 refreshContext(context) 方法中:- //springApplication.java
- private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
- if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
- shutdownHook.registerApplicationContext(context);
- }
- this.refresh(context);//核心,真正执行相关任务
- }
复制代码 (5.4)在this.refresh(context);这一步进入下一层:- //springApplication.java
- protected void refresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
- applicationContext.refresh();
- }
复制代码 (5.5)继续进入下一层:- protected void refresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
- applicationContext.refresh();
- }
复制代码 (5.6)继续进入下一层:- //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java
- public final void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
- try {
- super.refresh();
- } catch (RuntimeException var3) {
- WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
- if (webServer != null) {
- webServer.stop();
- }
- throw var3;
- }
- }
复制代码 (5.7)在super.refresh();这一步进入下一层:- //AbstractApplicationContext.java
- @Override
- public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
- synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
- StartupStep contextRefresh = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.context.refresh");
- ...
- try {
- ...
- // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
- //在上下文的子类初始化指定的bean
- onRefresh(); //当父类完成通用的工作后,再重新用动态绑定机制回到子类
- ...
- }
- catch (BeansException ex) {...}
- finally {...}
- }
- }
复制代码 (5.8)在onRefresh();这一步step into,会重新返回上一层:- //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java
- protected void onRefresh() {
- super.onRefresh();
- try {
- this.createWebServer();//创建一个webserver,可以理解成创建我们指定的web服务-Tomcat
- } catch (Throwable var2) {
- throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", var2);
- }
- }
复制代码 (5.9)在this.createWebServer();这一步step into:- //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java
- private void createWebServer() {
- WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
- ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
- if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
- StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create");
- ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();
- createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());
- this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});//使用TomcatServletWebServerFactory创建一个TomcatWebServer
- createWebServer.end();
- this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown", new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer));
- this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop", new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer));
- } else if (servletContext != null) {
- try {
- this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
- } catch (ServletException var5) {
- throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", var5);
- }
- }
- this.initPropertySources();
- }
复制代码 (5.10)在this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});这一步step into:- //TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java会创建Tomcat,并启动Tomcat
- public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
- if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
- Registry.disableRegistry();
- }
- Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();//创建了Tomcat对象,下面是一系列的初始化任务
- File baseDir = this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : this.createTempDir("tomcat");
- tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
- Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
- connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
- tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
- this.customizeConnector(connector);
- tomcat.setConnector(connector);
- tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
- this.configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
- Iterator var5 = this.additionalTomcatConnectors.iterator();
- while(var5.hasNext()) {
- Connector additionalConnector = (Connector)var5.next();
- tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
- }
- this.prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
- return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
- }
复制代码 (5.11)在return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);这一步step into:- //TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java
- //这里做了端口校验,创建了TomcatWebServer
- protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
- return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, this.getPort() >= 0, this.getShutdown());
- }
复制代码 (5.12)继续step into进入下一层- //TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java
- public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart, Shutdown shutdown) {
- this.monitor = new Object();
- this.serviceConnectors = new HashMap();
- Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
- this.tomcat = tomcat;
- this.autoStart = autoStart;
- this.gracefulShutdown = shutdown == Shutdown.GRACEFUL ? new GracefulShutdown(tomcat) : null;
- this.initialize();//进行初始化,并启动tomcat
- }
复制代码 (5.13)this.initialize();继续step into:- //TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java
- private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
- logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + this.getPortsDescription(false));
- synchronized(this.monitor) {
- try {
- this.addInstanceIdToEngineName();
- Context context = this.findContext();
- context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
- if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && "start".equals(event.getType())) {
- this.removeServiceConnectors();
- }
- });
- this.tomcat.start();//启动Tomcat!
- this.rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
- try {
- ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), this.getClass().getClassLoader());
- } catch (NamingException var5) {
- }
- this.startDaemonAwaitThread();
- } catch (Exception var6) {
- this.stopSilently();
- this.destroySilently();
- throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", var6);
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 (6)一路返回上层,然后终于执行完refreshContext(context)方法,此时context为已经注入了bean

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