Hibernate 是一个开源的 ORM(对象关系映射)框架,它可以将 Java 对象与数据库表进行映射,从而实现面向对象的数据持久化。使用 Hibernate,可以避免手动编写 SQL 语句,从而提高开发效率,并且可以轻松地切换不同的数据库。
基础概念
entity 实体类是映射到数据库表中的 Java 类,它包含了与数据库表中列相对应的属性,并且可以使用注解或 XML 文件进行映射。
MySql table 关系型数据库中的表格
hibernate负责互相转换两者。将entity存入数据库,将数据库中的数据取出并创建实体类的实例提使用者。
依赖
- <dependencies>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
- <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
- <version>6.2.7.Final</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
- <version>8.0.33</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
复制代码 配置类
maven项目将配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml放置再resource目录下即可- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
- <hibernate-configuration>
-
- <session-factory>
-
- <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
- <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa_study?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</property>
- <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
- <property name="hibernate.connection.password">a1b2c3</property>
-
- <property name="show_sql">true</property>
-
- <property name="format_sql">true</property>
-
- <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
-
- <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create-drop</property>
-
- <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
- <mapping />
- </session-factory>
- </hibernate-configuration>
复制代码 工具类
- package org.example.util;
- import org.hibernate.Session;
- import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
- import org.hibernate.Transaction;
- import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
- import java.util.function.Consumer;
- import java.util.function.Function;
- public class SessionFactoryUtil {
- private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
- static {
- // 构建会话工厂(configure未指定参数默认查找classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml)
- sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
- }
- /**
- * 执行sql操作
- * @param callback 回调函数
- */
- public static void execute(Consumer<Session> callback) {
- Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
- Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
- try {
- callback.accept(session);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- transaction.rollback();
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- transaction.commit();
- }
- /**
- * 执行sql查询操作
- * @param callback 回调函数
- * @return 回调函数的返回值
- * @param <R> 回调函数的返回值
- */
- public static <R> R query(Function<Session, R> callback) {
- Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
- Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
- try {
- R r = callback.apply(session);
- transaction.commit();
- return r;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- transaction.rollback();
- e.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 Dao层
- package org.example.dao;
- import org.example.entity.User;
- import org.example.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
- import java.util.List;
- public class UserDao {
- public void save(User user) {
- SessionFactoryUtil.execute(session -> session.persist(user));
- }
- public void update(User user) {
- SessionFactoryUtil.execute(session -> session.merge(user));
- }
- public void delete(User user) {
- SessionFactoryUtil.execute(session -> session.remove(user));
- }
- public User findById(Long id) {
- return SessionFactoryUtil.query(session -> session.get(User.class, id));
- }
- public List<User> findAll() {
- return SessionFactoryUtil.query(session -> session.createQuery("from User", User.class).list());
- }
- }
复制代码 测试
- package org.example;
- import org.example.dao.UserDao;
- import org.example.entity.User;
- public class Main {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- User user = new User();
- user.setName("zhangsan");
- user.setEmail("zhangsan@qq.com");
- UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
- userDao.save(user);
- System.out.println(userDao.findById(user.getId()));
- userDao.findAll().forEach(System.out::println);
- }
- }
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