[kubernetes]安装dashboard

魏晓东  金牌会员 | 2023-9-3 18:23:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 阅读模式
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前言

kubernetes官方文档中的web UI网页管理工具是kubernetes-dashboard，可提供部署应用、资源对象管理、容器日志查询、系统监控等常用的集群管理功能。为了在页面上显示系统资源的使用情况，需要部署 Metrics Server（参考博客园 - 安装metrics-server）。

  • kubernetes版本：1.26.6
创建资源对象

官方yaml。github仓库地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard。这里的版本为 v2.7.0。
用到的镜像分别为kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0 和 kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8 。可以从docker hub直接下载，内网离线环境可以先传到内网的镜像仓库，然后镜像改成内网镜像地址。
  1. # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
  2. #
  3. # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  4. # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  5. # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  6. #
  7. #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  8. #
  9. # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  10. # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  11. # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  12. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  13. # limitations under the License.
  15. apiVersion: v1
  16. kind: Namespace
  17. metadata:
  18.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  20. ---
  21. apiVersion: v1
  22. kind: ServiceAccount
  23. metadata:
  24.   labels:
  25.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  26.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  27.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  29. ---
  30. kind: Service
  31. apiVersion: v1
  32. metadata:
  33.   labels:
  34.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  35.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  36.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  37. spec:
  38.   # type: NodePort
  39.   ports:
  40.     - port: 443
  41.       targetPort: 8443
  42.       # nodeport: 30001
  43.   selector:
  44.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  46. ---
  47. apiVersion: v1
  48. kind: Secret
  49. metadata:
  50.   labels:
  51.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  52.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  53.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  54. type: Opaque
  56. ---
  57. apiVersion: v1
  58. kind: Secret
  59. metadata:
  60.   labels:
  61.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  62.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  63.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  64. type: Opaque
  65. data:
  66.   csrf: ""
  68. ---
  69. apiVersion: v1
  70. kind: Secret
  71. metadata:
  72.   labels:
  73.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  74.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  75.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  76. type: Opaque
  78. ---
  79. kind: ConfigMap
  80. apiVersion: v1
  81. metadata:
  82.   labels:
  83.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  84.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  85.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  87. ---
  88. kind: Role
  89. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  90. metadata:
  91.   labels:
  92.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  93.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  94.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  95. rules:
  96.   # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  97.   - apiGroups: [""]
  98.     resources: ["secrets"]
  99.     resourceNames:
  100.       [
  101.         "kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder",
  102.         "kubernetes-dashboard-certs",
  103.         "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf",
  104.       ]
  105.     verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  106.     # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  107.   - apiGroups: [""]
  108.     resources: ["configmaps"]
  109.     resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  110.     verbs: ["get", "update"]
  111.     # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  112.   - apiGroups: [""]
  113.     resources: ["services"]
  114.     resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
  115.     verbs: ["proxy"]
  116.   - apiGroups: [""]
  117.     resources: ["services/proxy"]
  118.     resourceNames:
  119.       [
  120.         "heapster",
  121.         "http:heapster:",
  122.         "https:heapster:",
  123.         "dashboard-metrics-scraper",
  124.         "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper",
  125.       ]
  126.     verbs: ["get"]
  128. ---
  129. kind: ClusterRole
  130. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  131. metadata:
  132.   labels:
  133.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  134.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  135. rules:
  136.   # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  137.   - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
  138.     resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
  139.     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  141. ---
  142. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  143. kind: RoleBinding
  144. metadata:
  145.   labels:
  146.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  147.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  148.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  149. roleRef:
  150.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  151.   kind: Role
  152.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  153. subjects:
  154.   - kind: ServiceAccount
  155.     name: kubernetes-dashboard
  156.     namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  158. ---
  159. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  160. kind: ClusterRoleBinding
  161. metadata:
  162.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  163. roleRef:
  164.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  165.   kind: ClusterRole
  166.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  167. subjects:
  168.   - kind: ServiceAccount
  169.     name: kubernetes-dashboard
  170.     namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  172. ---
  173. kind: Deployment
  174. apiVersion: apps/v1
  175. metadata:
  176.   labels:
  177.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  178.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  179.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  180. spec:
  181.   replicas: 1
  182.   revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  183.   selector:
  184.     matchLabels:
  185.       k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  186.   template:
  187.     metadata:
  188.       labels:
  189.         k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  190.     spec:
  191.       securityContext:
  192.         seccompProfile:
  193.           type: RuntimeDefault
  194.       containers:
  195.         - name: kubernetes-dashboard
  196.           image: registry.elifen.cn/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
  197.           imagePullPolicy: Always
  198.           ports:
  199.             - containerPort: 8443
  200.               protocol: TCP
  201.           args:
  202.             - --auto-generate-certificates
  203.             - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
  204.             # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
  205.             # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
  206.             # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
  207.             # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
  208.           volumeMounts:
  209.             - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  210.               mountPath: /certs
  211.               # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
  212.             - mountPath: /tmp
  213.               name: tmp-volume
  214.           livenessProbe:
  215.             httpGet:
  216.               scheme: HTTPS
  217.               path: /
  218.               port: 8443
  219.             initialDelaySeconds: 30
  220.             timeoutSeconds: 30
  221.           securityContext:
  222.             allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  223.             readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
  224.             runAsUser: 1001
  225.             runAsGroup: 2001
  226.       volumes:
  227.         - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  228.           secret:
  229.             secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  230.         - name: tmp-volume
  231.           emptyDir: {}
  232.       serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
  233.       nodeSelector:
  234.         "kubernetes.io/os": linux
  235.       # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
  236.       tolerations:
  237.         - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
  238.           effect: NoSchedule
  240. ---
  241. kind: Service
  242. apiVersion: v1
  243. metadata:
  244.   labels:
  245.     k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  246.   name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  247.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  248. spec:
  249.   ports:
  250.     - port: 8000
  251.       targetPort: 8000
  252.   selector:
  253.     k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  255. ---
  256. kind: Deployment
  257. apiVersion: apps/v1
  258. metadata:
  259.   labels:
  260.     k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  261.   name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  262.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  263. spec:
  264.   replicas: 1
  265.   revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  266.   selector:
  267.     matchLabels:
  268.       k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  269.   template:
  270.     metadata:
  271.       labels:
  272.         k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  273.     spec:
  274.       securityContext:
  275.         seccompProfile:
  276.           type: RuntimeDefault
  277.       containers:
  278.         - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  279.           image: registry.elifen.cn/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
  280.           ports:
  281.             - containerPort: 8000
  282.               protocol: TCP
  283.           livenessProbe:
  284.             httpGet:
  285.               scheme: HTTP
  286.               path: /
  287.               port: 8000
  288.             initialDelaySeconds: 30
  289.             timeoutSeconds: 30
  290.           volumeMounts:
  291.             - mountPath: /tmp
  292.               name: tmp-volume
  293.           securityContext:
  294.             allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  295.             readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
  296.             runAsUser: 1001
  297.             runAsGroup: 2001
  298.       serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
  299.       nodeSelector:
  300.         "kubernetes.io/os": linux
  301.       # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
  302.       tolerations:
  303.         - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
  304.           effect: NoSchedule
  305.       volumes:
  306.         - name: tmp-volume
  307.           emptyDir: {}
复制代码
发布到集群：
  1. kubectl create -f kube-dashboard.yaml
复制代码
使用nodePort访问dashboard

k8s官方文档给的示例是用kube-proxy，这里用的nodePort，稍微改动下原yaml中的kubernetes-dashboard服务，加了nodePort的配置。
  1. kind: Service
  2. apiVersion: v1
  3. metadata:
  4.   labels:
  5.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  6.   name: kubernetes-dashboard
  7.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  8. spec:
  9.   type: NodePort
  10.   ports:
  11.     - port: 443
  12.       targetPort: 8443
  13.       nodeport: 30001
  14.   selector:
  15.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
复制代码
应用：
  1. kubectl apply -f kube-dashboard.yaml
复制代码
若运行正常，浏览器访问 https://:30001，理应显示dashboard的界面，接下来生成用于登录的token。

使用token访问


  • 创建一个serviceaccount
  1. apiVersion: v1
  2. kind: ServiceAccount
  3. metadata:
  4.   name: admin-user
  5.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
复制代码
或者使用命令
  1. kubectl create serviceaccount admin-user -n kubernetes-dashboard
复制代码

  • 授予cluster-admin的集群管理员权限
  1. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  2. kind: ClusterRoleBinding
  3. metadata:
  4.   name: admin-user
  5. roleRef:
  6.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  7.   kind: ClusterRole
  8.   name: cluster-admin
  9. subjects:
  10. - kind: ServiceAccount
  11.   name: admin-user
  12.   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
复制代码
使用命令
  1. kubectl create clusterrolebinding admin-user --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:admin-user
复制代码

  • 获取token
  1. kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
复制代码

  • 页面填入token登录。

参考


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