本文分享自华为云社区《一步一步教你写kubernetes sidecar》,作者: 张俭。
什么是sidecar?
sidecar,直译为边车。 如上图所示,边车就是加装在摩托车旁来达到拓展功能的目的,比如行驶更加稳定,可以拉更多的人和货物,坐在边车上的人可以给驾驶员指路等。边车模式通过给应用服务加装一个“边车”来达到控制和逻辑的分离的目的。
对于微服务来讲,我们可以用边车模式来做诸如 日志收集、服务注册、服务发现、限流、鉴权等不需要业务服务实现的控制面板能力。通常和边车模式比较的就是像spring-cloud那样的sdk模式,像上面提到的这些能力都通过sdk实现。
这两种实现模式各有优劣,sidecar模式会引入额外的性能损耗以及延时,但传统的sdk模式会让代码变得臃肿并且升级复杂,控制面能力和业务面能力不能分开升级。
本文的代码已经上传到gitee
sidecar 实现原理
介绍了sidecar的诸多功能,但是,sidecar是如何做到这些能力的呢?
原来,在kubernetes中,一个pod是部署的最小单元,但一个pod里面,允许运行多个container(容器),多个container(容器)之间共享存储卷和网络栈。这样子,我们就可以多container来做sidecar,或者init-container(初始化容器)来调整挂载卷的权限
日志收集sidecar
日志收集sidecar的原理是利用多个container间可以共用挂载卷的原理实现的,通过将应用程序的日志路径挂出,用另一个程序访问路径下的日志来实现日志收集,这里用cat来替代了日志收集,部署yaml模板如下- apiVersion: v1
- kind: Pod
- metadata:
- name: webserver
- spec:
- volumes:
- - name: shared-logs
- emptyDir: {}
- containers:
- - name: nginx
- image: ttbb/nginx:mate
- volumeMounts:
- - name: shared-logs
- mountPath: /opt/sh/openresty/nginx/logs
- - name: sidecar-container
- image: ttbb/base
- command: ["sh","-c","while true; do cat /opt/sh/openresty/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; sleep 30; done"]
- volumeMounts:
- - name: shared-logs
- mountPath: /opt/sh/openresty/nginx/logs
复制代码 使用kubectl create -f 创建pod,通过kubectl logs命令就可以看到sidecar-container打印的日志输出- kubectl logs webserver sidecar-container
复制代码 转发请求sidecar
这一节我们来实现,一个给应用程序转发请求的sidecar,应用程序代码如下- use std::io::prelude::*;
- use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
- fn main() {
- let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
- for stream in listener.incoming() {
- let stream = stream.unwrap();
- handle_connection(stream);
- }
- println!("Hello, world!");
- }
- fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
- let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
- stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
- let contents = "Hello";
- let response = format!(
- "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
- contents.len(),
- contents
- );
- println!("receive a request!");
- stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
- stream.flush().unwrap();
- }
复制代码 我们再来写一个sidecar,它会每15秒向应用程序发出请求- use std::thread;
- use std::time::Duration;
- fn main() {
- loop {
- thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(15));
- let response = reqwest::blocking::get("http://localhost:7878").unwrap();
- println!("{}", response.text().unwrap())
- }
- }
复制代码 通过仓库下的intput/build.sh脚本构造镜像,运行yaml如下- apiVersion: v1
- kind: Pod
- metadata:
- name: webserver
- spec:
- containers:
- - name: input-server
- image: sidecar-examples:input-http-server
- - name: input-sidecar
- image: sidecar-examples:sidecar-input
复制代码 通过查看kubectl logs input input-http-server可以看到input-http-server收到了请求- receive a request!
- receive a request!
复制代码 拦截请求sidecar
应用程序代码,它会每15s向localhost发出请求- package com.shoothzj.sidecar
- import akka.actor.typed.ActorSystem
- import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.Behaviors
- import akka.http.scaladsl.Http
- import akka.http.scaladsl.model._
- import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContextExecutor, Future}
- import scala.util.{Failure, Success}
- object HttpClient {
- def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
- while (true) {
- Thread.sleep(15_000L)
- implicit val system: ActorSystem[Nothing] = ActorSystem(Behaviors.empty, "SingleRequest")
- // needed for the future flatMap/onComplete in the end
- implicit val executionContext: ExecutionContextExecutor = system.executionContext
- val responseFuture: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(HttpRequest(uri = "http://localhost:7979/hello"))
- responseFuture
- .onComplete {
- case Success(res) => println(res)
- case Failure(_) => sys.error("something wrong")
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 我们再来写一个sidecar,它会拦截http请求并打印日志- package com.shoothzj.sidecar
- import akka.actor.typed.ActorSystem
- import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.Behaviors
- import akka.http.scaladsl.Http
- import akka.http.scaladsl.model._
- import akka.http.scaladsl.server.Directives._
- import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContextExecutor
- import scala.io.StdIn
- object HttpServer {
- def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
- implicit val system: ActorSystem[Nothing] = ActorSystem(Behaviors.empty, "my-system")
- // needed for the future flatMap/onComplete in the end
- implicit val executionContext: ExecutionContextExecutor = system.executionContext
- val route =
- path("hello") {
- get {
- println("receive a request")
- complete(HttpEntity(ContentTypes.`text/html(UTF-8)`, "<h1>Say hello to akka-http</h1>"))
- }
- }
- val bindingFuture = Http().newServerAt("localhost", 7979).bind(route)
- while (true) {
- Thread.sleep(15_000L)
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 通过仓库下的output/build.sh脚本构造镜像,运行yaml如下- apiVersion: v1
- kind: Pod
- metadata:
- name: output
- spec:
- volumes:
- - name: shared-logs
- emptyDir: {}
- containers:
- - name: output-workload
- image: sidecar-examples:output-workload
- imagePullPolicy: Never
- - name: sidecar-output
- image: sidecar-examples:sidecar-output
- imagePullPolicy: Never
复制代码 通过查看kubectl logs output output-workload可以看到output-sidecar收到了请求- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:15:47 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:16:02 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:16:17 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:16:32 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:16:47 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:17:02 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:17:17 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=UTF-8,31 bytes total),HttpProtocol(HTTP/1.1))
- HttpResponse(200 OK,List(Server: akka-http/10.2.9, Date: Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:17:32 GMT),HttpEntity.Strict(text/html; charset=
复制代码 点击关注,第一时间了解华为云新鲜技术~
免责声明:如果侵犯了您的权益,请联系站长,我们会及时删除侵权内容,谢谢合作! |