牛客多校Ancestor(lca，集合的lca)

题目描述

NIO is playing a game about trees.

The game has two trees A,BA, BA,B each with NNN vertices. The vertices in each tree are numbered from 111 to NNN and the iii-th vertex has the weight viv_ivi​. The root of each tree is vertex 1. Given KKK key numbers x1,…,xkx_1,\dots,x_kx1​,…,xk​, find the number of solutions that remove exactly one number so that the weight of the lowest common ancestor of the vertices in A with the remaining key numbers is greater than the weight of the lowest common ancestor of the vertices in B with the remaining key numbers.
输入描述:

1. The first line has two positive integers N,K(2≤K≤N≤105)N,K (2 \leq K \leq N \leq 10^5)N,K(2≤K≤N≤105).
3. The second line has KKK unique positive integers x1,…,xK(xi≤N)x_1,\dots,x_K (x_i \leq N)x1​,…,xK​(xi​≤N).
5. The third line has NNN positive integers ai(ai≤109)a_i (a_i \leq 10^9)ai​(ai​≤109) represents the weight of vertices in A.
7. The fourth line has N−1N - 1N−1 positive integers {pai}\{pa_i\}{pai​}, indicating that the number of the father of vertices i+1i+1i+1 in tree A is paipa_ipai​.
9. The fifth line has nnn positive integers bi(bi≤109)b_i (b_i \leq 10^9)bi​(bi​≤109) represents the weight of vertices in B.
11. The sixth line has N−1N - 1N−1 positive integers {pbi}\{pb_i\}{pbi​}, indicating that the number of the father of vertices i+1i+1i+1 in tree B is pbipb_ipbi​.

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输出描述:

1. One integer indicating the answer.

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示例1
输入

1. 5 3
2. 5 4 3
3. 6 6 3 4 6
4. 1 2 2 4
5. 7 4 5 7 7
6. 1 1 3 2

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输出

1. 1

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说明

1. In first case, the key numbers are 5,4,3. 
2. Remove key number 5, the lowest common ancestors of the vertices in A with the remaining key numbers is 2, in B is 3.
3. Remove key number 4, the lowest common ancestors of the vertices in A with the remaining key numbers is 2, in B is 1.
4. Remove key number 3, the lowest common ancestors of the vertices in A with the remaining key numbers is 4, in B is 1.
5. Only remove key number 5 satisfies the requirement.

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示例2
输入

1. 10 3
2. 10 9 8
3. 8 9 9 2 7 9 0 0 7 4
4. 1 1 2 4 3 4 2 4 7
5. 7 7 2 3 4 5 6 1 5 3
6. 1 1 3 1 2 4 7 3 5

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输出

1. 2

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备注:

1. The lowest common ancestor (LCA) (also called least common ancestor) of two nodes v and w in a tree or directed acyclic graph (DAG) T is the lowest (i.e. deepest) node that has both v and w as descendants, where we define each node to be a descendant of itself (so if v has a direct connection from w, w is the lowest common ancestor).(From Wiki.)

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思路：

1，lca的板子题稍微进阶点，参看lca的文章
2，用两棵树存各自的前缀后缀lca，然后调用即可
代码：

1. int n,k;
2. int vea[maxj],veb[maxj];
3. int lg[maxj];
4. int x[maxj];
5. void dd(){
6.     for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)
7.         lg[i]=lg[i-1]+(1<<lg[i-1]==i);
8. }
9. struct node{
10.    
11. int pp[maxj],las[maxj];
12. int dep[maxj],vis[maxj],fa[maxj][100];
13. vector<int>g[maxj];
14. void add(int u,int v){
15.     g[u].emplace_back(v);
16. }
17. void dfs(int now ,int pre){
18.     dep[now]=dep[pre]+1;
19.     fa[now][0]=pre;
20.     for(int i=1;(1<<i)<=dep[now];++i){
21.         fa[now][i]=fa[fa[now][i-1]][i-1];
22.     }
23.     for(int i=0;i<g[now].size();++i){
24.         if(pre==g[now][i])continue;
25.         dfs(g[now][i],now);
26.     }
27. }
29. int lca(int x,int y){
30.     if(dep[x]<dep[y])swap(x,y);
31.     while(dep[x]>dep[y])
32.         x=fa[x][lg[dep[x]-dep[y]]-1];
33.     if(x==y)return x;
34.     for(int k=lg[dep[x]];k>=0;--k){
35.         if(fa[x][k]!=fa[y][k]){
36.             x=fa[x][k];
37.             y=fa[y][k];
38.         }
39.     }
40.     return fa[x][0];
41. }
42. void dolca(){
43.     dfs(1,-1);
44.     pp[1]=x[1];
45.     for(int i=2;i<=k;++i){
46.         pp[i]=lca(pp[i-1],x[i]);
47.     }
48.     las[k]=x[k];
49.     for(int i=k-1;i>=1;--i){
50.         las[i]=lca(las[i+1],x[i]);
51.     }
52. }
53. int asklca(int w){
54.     if(w==1)return las[2];
55.     if(w==k)return pp[k-1];
56.     return lca(pp[w-1],las[w+1]);
57. }
58. }treea,treeb;//分treea和treeb两个对象
60. void solve(){
61.     cin>>n>>k;//用struct封装一下，函数重用
62.     for(int i=1;i<=k;++i)cin>>x[i];
63.     for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)cin>>vea[i];
64.     for(int i=2;i<=n;++i){
65.         int pa;cin>>pa;
66.         treea.add(pa,i);
67.     }
68.     for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)cin>>veb[i];
69.     for(int i=2;i<=n;++i){
70.         int pa;cin>>pa;
71.         treeb.add(pa,i);
72.     }
73.     dd();
74.     treea.dolca();
75.     treeb.dolca();
76.     int ans=0;
77. //     for(int i=1;i<=k;++i)cout<<treea.las[i]<<' ';
78.     for(int i=1;i<=k;++i){
79.         int aa=treea.asklca(i);
80.         int bb=treeb.asklca(i);
81. //         cout<<aa<<' '<<bb<<'\n';
82.         if(vea[aa]>veb[bb])ans++;
83.     }cout<<ans<<'\n';
84. }

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