1.概述
静态文件服务器是指提供HTML文件访问或客户端 可直接从中下载文件的Web服务器。对于图片、 JavaScript或CSS文件等渲染页面外貌的、不会动态改 变内容的文件,大多数网站会单独提供以静态文件服 务器的方式对其进行访问,实现动静分离的架构。
HTML是一种标记语言,提供HTML文件读取是Web服 务器最基本的功能,Web服务器的配置样例如下:
- server {
- listen 8080;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www; #存放静态文件的文件目录
- location / {
- index index.html;
- }
- location /js {
- alias /opt/nginx-web/static/js/; #存放JavaScript文件的文件目录
- index index.html;
- }
- }
复制代码 在以上配置中,每个server指令域等同于一个虚 拟服务器,每个location指令域等同于一个虚拟目次
2.实验
按照上述配置后,我们在/opt/nginx-web/www下放置一个index.html文件
- #1.查看配置文件
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
- user nginx;
- worker_processes auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- pid /run/nginx.pid;
- include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 4096;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- server {
- listen 8080;
- listen [::]:8080;
- server_name 11.0.1.18;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- }
- #2.查看index.html文件
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/index.html
- hello world
- #3.重载nginx配置文件
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
- #4.关闭防火墙
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# systemctl stop firewalld
- #5.关闭selinux
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# setenforce 0
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# getenforce
- Permissive
复制代码 直接在windows用浏览器访问:11.0.1.18:8080
2.1 基于域名的虚拟主机
2.1.1 nginx配置
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
- user nginx;
- worker_processes auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- pid /run/nginx.pid;
- include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 4096;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- server {
- listen 80;
- listen [::]:80;
- server_name www.a.com;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- server {
- listen 80;
- listen [::]:80;
- server_name www.b.com;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 2.1.2 准备静态文件
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/a/index.html
- hello,this is www.a.com
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/b/index.html
- hello,this is www.b.com
复制代码 2.1.3 重启服务,增长ip域名映射
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 11.0.1.18 www.a.com
- 11.0.1.18 www.b.com
复制代码 2.1.4 测试
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.a.com
- hello,this is www.a.com
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.b.com
- hello,this is www.b.com
复制代码 2.2 基于端口的虚拟主机
2.2.1 nginx配置
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
- user nginx;
- worker_processes auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- pid /run/nginx.pid;
- include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 4096;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- server {
- listen 80;
- listen [::]:80;
- server_name www.test.com;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- server {
- listen 81;
- listen [::]:81;
- server_name www.test.com;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 2.2.2 重启服务,增长IP域名映射
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 11.0.1.18 www.a.com
- 11.0.1.18 www.b.com
- 11.0.1.18 www.test.com
复制代码 2.2.3 测试
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:80
- hello,this is www.a.com
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:81
- hello,this is www.b.com
复制代码 2.3 基于IP的虚拟主机
2.3.1 nginx配置
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
- user nginx;
- worker_processes auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- pid /run/nginx.pid;
- include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 4096;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- server {
- listen 11.0.1.18:80;
- server_name www.test.com;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- server {
- listen 11.0.1.19:80;
- server_name www.test.com;
- root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
- include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location / {
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- error_page 404 /404.html;
- location = /404.html {
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 2.3.2 重启服务
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
复制代码 2.3.3 测试
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.18
- hello,this is www.a.com
- [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.19
- hello,this is www.b.com
复制代码
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