Docker中有时必要修改别人制作好的镜像，一般的方法就是通过创建镜像的容器，将容器进行修改，之后通过容器创建新的镜像。本文重要介绍Docker 将容器生成镜像的三种方法。
1、使用docker commit创建镜像（推荐）
- 查看容器ID docker ps -a
- 通过容器ID创建镜像
2、使用docker export和docker import创建镜像
- 查看容器ID docker ps -a
- 导出容器到文件 docker export > img.tar
- 加载保存的容器创建镜像 docker import img.tar :[TAG]
**留意：**使用此方法也可以将容器进行压缩，另外这样创建的容器可能不能正常启动，我们还必要指定一下启动必要参数，例如，entrypoint、cmd和环境变量等。
3、使用tar导出容器创建镜像
- 进入容器 sudo docker exec -it /bin/bash
- 生成镜像文件 tar -cvf img.tar --exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys --exclude=img.tar /
- 将容器中生成的文件拷贝到宿主机 sudo docker cp :/img.tar .
- 创建生成镜像 cat img.tar | sudo docker import - :[TAG]
**留意：**使用此方法也可以将容器进行压缩，另外这样创建的容器可能不能正常启动，我们还必要指定一下启动必要参数，例如，entrypoint、cmd和环境变量等。
4、查看镜像的Dockerfile的方法
- 使用docker history查看信息通过docker history查看镜像信息来分析生成Dockerfile。但少了FROM指令信息，多出来自BASIC_IMAGE的一些指令信息。
- 使用DockerImage2Df容器工具
- docker commit -m "oracle 11g" d038360bc3b8 cjavapy/oracle11g:latest
- docker commit用法：docker commit 参数 容器名或容器id 镜像名。
- 参数说明：
- -a：提交的镜像作者；
- -c：使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像；
- -m：提交时的说明文字；
- -p：在commit时，将容器暂停。（默认选项）
- #!/bin/bash
- set -u
- USAGE_TIPS="Usage: ./dfimage.sh <IMAGE>"
- if [ !$1 ];
- echo ${USAGE_TIPS}
- exit 1
- fi
- case "$OSTYPE" in
- linux*)
- docker history --no-trunc --format "{{.CreatedBy}}" $1 | # extract information from layers
- tac | # reverse the file
- sed 's,^\(|3.*\)\?/bin/\(ba\)\?sh -c,RUN,' | # change /bin/(ba)?sh calls to RUN
- sed 's,^RUN #(nop) *,,' | # remove RUN #(nop) calls for ENV,LABEL...
- sed 's, *&& *, \\\n \&\& ,g' # pretty print multi command lines following Docker best practices
- ;;
- darwin*)
- docker history --no-trunc --format "{{.CreatedBy}}" $1 | # extract information from layers
- tail -r | # reverse the file
- sed -E 's,^(\|3.*)?/bin/(ba)?sh -c,RUN,' | # change /bin/(ba)?sh calls to RUN
- sed 's,^RUN #(nop) *,,' | # remove RUN #(nop) calls for ENV,LABEL...
- sed $'s, *&& *, \\\ \\\n \&\& ,g' # pretty print multi command lines following Docker best practices
- ;;
- *)
- echo "unknown OSTYPE: $OSTYPE"
- ;;
- esac
- dfimage hanxiao/mynginx:4.1
- # 命令alias
- echo "alias image2df='docker run -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --rm cucker/image2df'" >> ~/.bashrc
- . ~/.bashrc
- # 使用方法
- image2df <IMAGE
- $ echo "alias image2df='docker run -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --rm cucker/image2df'" >> ~/.bashrc
- $ . ~/.bashrc
- $ docker pull mysql
- $ image2df mysql
- ========== Dockerfile ==========
- FROM mysql:latest
- RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql
- RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
- ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12
- RUN set -eux; \
- savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
- apt-get update; \
- apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget; \
- rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
- dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture | awk -F- '{ print $NF }')"; \
- wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch"; \
- wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch.asc"; \
- export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
- gpg --batch --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4; \
- gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
- gpgconf --kill all; \
- rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc; \
- apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
- [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark > /dev/null; \
- apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
- chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
- gosu --version; \
- gosu nobody true
- RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
- RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
- pwgen \
- openssl \
- perl \
- xz-utils \
- && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
- RUN set -ex; \
- key='A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5'; \
- export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
- gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
- gpg --batch --export "$key" > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mysql.gpg; \
- gpgconf --kill all; \
- rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \
- apt-key list > /dev/null
- ENV MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0
- ENV MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.24-1debian10
- RUN echo 'deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ buster mysql-8.0' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list
- RUN { \
- echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \
- echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \
- echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \
- echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \
- } | debconf-set-selections \
- && apt-get update \
- && apt-get install -y \
- mysql-community-client="${MYSQL_VERSION}" \
- mysql-community-server-core="${MYSQL_VERSION}" \
- && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
- && rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
- && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
- && chmod 1777 /var/run/mysqld /var/lib/mysql
- VOLUME [/var/lib/mysql]
- COPY dir:2e040acc386ebd23b8571951a51e6cb93647df091bc26159b8c757ef82b3fcda in /etc/mysql/
- COPY file:345a22fe55d3e6783a17075612415413487e7dba27fbf1000a67c7870364b739 in /usr/local/bin/
- RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
- ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
- EXPOSE 3306 33060
- CMD ["mysqld"]
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