JsonPath
1、概述
JsonPath是用来解析多层嵌套的JSON数据。可以以为JsonPath就是JSON版本的XPath。它是一种信息抽取类库,是从JSON文档中抽取指定信息的工具。JsonPath对于JSON来说,就相当于XPath之于XML。
JsonPath在线解析:https://jsonpath.com/
2、JsonPath语法
2.1、操纵符
语法寄义$表示根节点@当前节点.<节点名称>获取子节点[<节点名称1>(,<节点名称2>)]获取子节点,与点号差别,这里可以获取多个子节点*匹配所有元素节点..获取子孙节点,无论嵌套多少层,都可以获取到[<下标1>(,<下标2>)]表示一个或多个下标[start:end:step]表示切片语法[?(<表达式>)]过滤器表达式,表达式效果必须是布尔值()支持表达式盘算 2.2、函数
可以在JsonPath表达式执行后进行调用,其输入表达式的效果。
函数描述输出min()提供数字数组的最小值Doublemax()提供数字数组的最大值Doubleavg()提供数字数据的均匀值Doublestddev()提供数字数组的标准偏差值Doublelength()提供数组的长度Integersum()提供数字数组的和值Doublekeys()提供属性键(终端自键~的替代选择)Set<E>concat(X)提供路径输出的合并版本,并添加一个新项目like inputappend(X)为 json 路径输出数组添加项目like inputfirst()提供数组的第一个项目Depends on the arraylast()提供数组的末了一项Depends on the arrayindex(X)提供索引数组的项: X,如果 X 为负数,则向后取值Depends on the array 2.3、过滤器
过滤器是用于过滤数组的逻辑表达式,一个通常的表达式形如:[?(@.age > 18)],可以通过逻辑表达式&&或||组合多个过滤器表达式,例如[?(@.price < 10 && @.category == ‘fiction’)],字符串必须用单引号困绕,例如[?(@.color == ‘blue’)]。
操纵符描述==即是符号,但数字1不即是字符1(1 is not equal to ‘1’)!=不即是<小于<=小于即是>大于即是>=大于即是=~判定是否符合正则表达式,例如[?(@.name =~ /foo.*?/i)]in属于,例如[?(@.size in ['S', 'M'])]nin排除符号size左侧(数组或字符串)的大小应与右侧一致empty数组或字符串)应为空subsetof左是右的子集 [?(@.sizes subsetof [‘S’, ‘M’, ‘L’])]anyof左与右有交集 [?(@.sizes anyof [‘M’, ‘L’])]noneof左边与右边没有交集 [?(@.sizes noneof [‘M’, ‘L’])] 2.4、示例
- {
- "store": {
- "book": [
- {
- "category": "reference",
- "author": "Nigel Rees",
- "title": "Sayings of the Century",
- "price": 8.95
- },
- {
- "category": "fiction",
- "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
- "title": "Sword of Honour",
- "price": 12.99
- },
- {
- "category": "fiction",
- "author": "Herman Melville",
- "title": "Moby Dick",
- "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
- "price": 8.99
- },
- {
- "category": "fiction",
- "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
- "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
- "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
- "price": 22.99
- }
- ],
- "bicycle": {
- "color": "red",
- "price": 19.95
- }
- },
- "expensive": 10
- }
复制代码 JsonPathResult$.store.book
.author所有册本的作者$..author所有作者$..book[2]第3本数$..book[0,1]前2本数$..book[1:3]切片操纵,从索引 1(含)到索引 3(不含)的所有册本$..book[-1:]倒数第一本数$..book[?(@.isbn)]所有有 ISBN 编号的册本$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)]代价低于10的所有数据$..book.length册本的数目 3、基于Java的使用
Jayway JsonPath则提供了Java版本的实现,方便开发者进行集成使用。
Maven依赖:
- <!--Json Path-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
- <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
- <version>2.7.0</version>
- </dependency>
复制代码 3.1、使用方式
使用 JsonPath 最简朴直接的方法是通过静态读取 API。
- public class Demo {
- private String jsonStr = "{\n" +
- " "store": {\n" +
- " "book": [\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "reference",\n" +
- " "author": "Nigel Rees",\n" +
- " "title": "Sayings of the Century",\n" +
- " "price": 8.95\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "fiction",\n" +
- " "author": "Evelyn Waugh",\n" +
- " "title": "Sword of Honour",\n" +
- " "price": 12.99\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "fiction",\n" +
- " "author": "Herman Melville",\n" +
- " "title": "Moby Dick",\n" +
- " "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",\n" +
- " "price": 8.99\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "fiction",\n" +
- " "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",\n" +
- " "title": "The Lord of the Rings",\n" +
- " "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",\n" +
- " "price": 22.99\n" +
- " }\n" +
- " ],\n" +
- " "bicycle": {\n" +
- " "color": "red",\n" +
- " "price": 19.95\n" +
- " }\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " "expensive": 10\n" +
- "}";
- @Test
- public void test1() {
- List<String> authors = JsonPath.read(jsonStr, "$.store.book[*].author");
- //["Nigel Rees","Evelyn Waugh","Herman Melville","J. R. R. Tolkien"]
- System.out.println(authors);
- }
- }
复制代码 如果你只读取一次,这没有问题。如果还必要读取其他路径,这就不是办法了,由于每次调用 JsonPath.read(…) 都会对文档进行解析。为了避免这个问题,可以先解析 json。
- @Test
- public void test2() {
- final Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonStr);
- String author0 = JsonPath.read(document, "$.store.book[0].author");
- String author1 = JsonPath.read(document, "$.store.book[1].author");
- //Nigel Rees
- System.out.println(author0);
- //Evelyn Waugh
- System.out.println(author1);
- }
复制代码 JsonPath还提供了流通的应用程序接口。这也是最灵活的一种:
- @Test
- public void test3() {
- DocumentContext ctx = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr);
- List<String> authorsOfBooksWithISBN = ctx.read("$.store.book[?(@.isbn)].author");
- //["Herman Melville","J. R. R. Tolkien"]
- System.out.println(authorsOfBooksWithISBN);
- //[{"category":"fiction","author":"Evelyn Waugh","title":"Sword of Honour","price":12.99},
- // {"category":"fiction","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","title":"The Lord of the Rings","isbn":"0-395-19395-8","price":22.99}]
- List<Map<String, Object>> expensiveBooks = JsonPath.using(Configuration.defaultConfiguration())
- .parse(jsonStr)
- .read("$.store.book[?(@.price > 10)]", List.class);
- System.out.println(expensiveBooks);
- }
复制代码 3.2、返回类型
在 Java 中使用 JsonPath 时,了解效果的预期类型非常告急。JsonPath 会自动尝试将效果转换为调用者期望的类型。
- //Nigel Rees
- String author = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr).read("$.store.book[0].author");
- //java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.util.List
- List<String> list = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr).read("$.store.book[0].author");
复制代码 在评估一条路径时,你必要了解一条路径何时是确定的这一概念。如果一条路径包含以下内容,那么它就是不确定的:
- ..:扫描操纵符
- ?(<expression>):表达式
- [<number>, <number>(, <number)]:多个数组索引
无穷路径总是返回一个列表(由当前 JsonProvider 表示)。
默认情况下,MappingProvider SPI 会提供一个简朴对象映射器。这答应你指定想要的返回类型,而 MappingProvider 会尝试执行映射。下面的示例演示了 Long 和 Date 之间的映射。
- String json = "{"date_as_long": 1411455611975}";
- Date date = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$['date_as_long']", Date.class);
- //Tue Sep 23 15:00:11 CST 2014
- System.out.println(date);
复制代码 如果将 JsonPath 配置为使用 JacksonMappingProvider、GsonMappingProvider 或 JakartaJsonProvider,乃至可以将 JsonPath 输出直接映射到 POJO 中。
- Book book = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr).read("$.store.book[0]", Book.class);
- //Book{category='reference', title='Sayings of the Century', author='Nigel Rees', price=8.95, isbn='null'}
- System.out.println(book);
复制代码 要获取完整的类属类型信息,请使用 TypeRef。
- //注意,默认的Json-smart provider不支持TypeRef,可以使用Jackson或Gson Provider
- TypeRef<List<String>> typeRef = new TypeRef<List<String>>() {};
- List<String> titles = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr).read("$.store.book[*].title", typeRef);
- System.out.println(titles);
复制代码 3.3、JsonProvider
在Jayway JsonPath中提供了多种JsonProvider,此中默认的为JsonSmartJsonProvider。这里我们期望可以或许直接对读取的数据进行反序列化,这里我们选用JacksonJsonProvider,此时要求jackson-databind依赖的版本至少为2.4.5。
- <!--Jackson-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
- <version>2.11.3</version>
- </dependency>
复制代码- @AllArgsConstructor
- @NoArgsConstructor
- @Builder
- @Data
- class Book {
- private String category;
- private String title;
- private String author;
- private Double price;
- private String isbn;
- }
复制代码- public class JsonProviderTest {
- private String jsonStr = "{\n" +
- " "store": {\n" +
- " "book": [\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "reference",\n" +
- " "author": "Nigel Rees",\n" +
- " "title": "Sayings of the Century",\n" +
- " "price": 8.95\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "fiction",\n" +
- " "author": "Evelyn Waugh",\n" +
- " "title": "Sword of Honour",\n" +
- " "price": 12.99\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "fiction",\n" +
- " "author": "Herman Melville",\n" +
- " "title": "Moby Dick",\n" +
- " "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",\n" +
- " "price": 8.99\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "category": "fiction",\n" +
- " "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",\n" +
- " "title": "The Lord of the Rings",\n" +
- " "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",\n" +
- " "price": 22.99\n" +
- " }\n" +
- " ],\n" +
- " "bicycle": {\n" +
- " "color": "red",\n" +
- " "price": 19.95\n" +
- " }\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " "expensive": 10\n" +
- "}";
- @Test
- public void test() {
- //使用JacksonJsonProvider
- Configuration configuration = Configuration
- .builder()
- .mappingProvider(new JacksonMappingProvider())
- .build();
- ReadContext ctx = JsonPath.using(configuration).parse(jsonStr);
- TypeRef<List<Book>> typeRef = new TypeRef<List<Book>>() {};
- List<Book> books = ctx.read("$.store.book[*]", typeRef);
- books.forEach(System.out::println);
- }
- }
复制代码- Book{category='reference', title='Sayings of the Century', author='Nigel Rees', price=8.95, isbn='null'}
- Book{category='fiction', title='Sword of Honour', author='Evelyn Waugh', price=12.99, isbn='null'}
- Book{category='fiction', title='Moby Dick', author='Herman Melville', price=8.99, isbn='0-553-21311-3'}
- Book{category='fiction', title='The Lord of the Rings', author='J. R. R. Tolkien', price=22.99, isbn='0-395-19395-8'}
复制代码 3.4、谓词
在JsonPath中创建过滤器谓词有三种差别的方法:
1、内联谓词
内联谓词是在路径中界说的谓词。
可以使用 && 和 || 组合多个谓词 [?(@.price < 10 && @.category == ‘fiction’)] , [?(@.category == ‘reference’ || @.price > 10)]。
可以使用! 来否定一个谓词 [?(!(@.price < 10 && @.category == ‘fiction’))] 。
- @Test
- public void test1() {
- List<Map<String, Object>> books = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr)
- .read("$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)]");
- books.forEach(System.out::println);
- //{category=reference, author=Nigel Rees, title=Sayings of the Century, price=8.95}
- //{category=fiction, author=Herman Melville, title=Moby Dick, isbn=0-553-21311-3, price=8.99}
- books = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr)
- .read("$.store.book[?(!@.price < 10)]");
- books.forEach(System.out::println);
- //{category=reference, author=Nigel Rees, title=Sayings of the Century, price=8.95}
- //{category=fiction, author=Herman Melville, title=Moby Dick, isbn=0-553-21311-3, price=8.99}
- }
复制代码 2)、过滤器谓词
如下所示,可以使用过滤器 API 构建谓词:
- @Test
- public void test2() {
- Filter cheapFictionFilter = Filter.filter(
- Criteria.where("price").lte(10)
- );
- //注意路径中过滤器的占位符 ?
- //当提供多个过滤器时,它们将按顺序应用,其中占位符的数量必须与提供的过滤器数量相匹配。
- //可以在一个过滤器操作中指定多个谓词占位符[?, ?],但两个谓词必须匹配。
- List<Map<String, Object>> books = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr)
- .read("$.store.book[?]", cheapFictionFilter);
- books.forEach(System.out::println);
- //{category=reference, author=Nigel Rees, title=Sayings of the Century, price=8.95}
- //{category=fiction, author=Herman Melville, title=Moby Dick, isbn=0-553-21311-3, price=8.99}
- //过滤器还可以与OR和AND组合使用
- Filter f = Filter.filter(Criteria.where("price").lte(10))
- .and(Criteria.where("isbn").exists(true));
- books = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr)
- .read("$.store.book[?]", f);
- books.forEach(System.out::println);
- //{category=fiction, author=Herman Melville, title=Moby Dick, isbn=0-553-21311-3, price=8.99}
- }
复制代码 3)、自界说谓词
- @Test
- public void test3() {
- //自定义谓词
- Predicate booksWithISBN = new Predicate() {
- @Override
- public boolean apply(PredicateContext ctx) {
- return ctx.item(Map.class).containsKey("isbn");
- }
- };
- List<Map<String, Object>> books = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr)
- .read("$.store.book[?]", booksWithISBN);
- books.forEach(System.out::println);
- //{category=fiction, author=Herman Melville, title=Moby Dick, isbn=0-553-21311-3, price=8.99}
- //{category=fiction, author=J. R. R. Tolkien, title=The Lord of the Rings, isbn=0-395-19395-8, price=22.99}
- }
复制代码 4)、示例
- {
- "store":{
- "book":[
- {
- "category":"reference",
- "author":"Nigel Rees",
- "title":"Sayings of the Century",
- "price":8.95
- },
- {
- "category":"fiction",
- "author":"Evelyn Waugh",
- "title":"Sword of Honour",
- "price":12.99
- },
- {
- "category":"fiction",
- "author":"Herman Melville",
- "title":"Moby Dick",
- "isbn":"0-553-21311-3",
- "price":8.99
- },
- {
- "category":"fiction",
- "author":"J. R. R. Tolkien",
- "title":"The Lord of the Rings",
- "isbn":"0-395-19395-8",
- "price":22.99
- }
- ],
- "bicycle":{
- "color":"red",
- "price":19.95
- },
- "clothes":[
- {
- "name":"牛仔裤",
- "sizes":"S",
- "price":94
- },
- {
- "name":"背心",
- "sizes":"M",
- "price":48
- },
- {
- "name":"裙子",
- "sizes":["S", "M"],
- "price":1.24
- },
- {
- "name":"羊毛衫",
- "sizes":["XS", "XL"],
- "price":78.99
- },
- {
- "name":"Polo衫",
- "sizes":["XS", "XL", "M"],
- "price":18.99
- }
- ]
- },
- "expensive":10
- }
复制代码- @Test
- public void test() {
- //使用JacksonJsonProvider
- Configuration configuration = Configuration
- .builder()
- .mappingProvider(new JacksonMappingProvider())
- .build();
- ReadContext ctx = JsonPath.using(configuration)
- .parse(jsonStr);
- //方式一:内联谓词
- TypeRef<List<Clothes>> typeRef = new TypeRef<List<Clothes>>() {};
- final List<Clothes> clothes1 = ctx.read("$.store.clothes[?(@.price > 50 || @.sizes anyof ['M'])]", typeRef);
- System.out.println("************** clothes1 ***************");
- clothes1.forEach(System.out::println);
- //方式二:Filter谓词
- Filter filter = Filter.filter(Criteria.where("price").gt(50))
- .or(Criteria.where("sizes").anyof(Arrays.asList("M")));
- //使用谓词占位符?
- Clothes[] clothes2 = ctx.read("$.store.clothes[?]", Clothes[].class, filter);
- System.out.println("************** clothes2 ***************");
- for (Clothes clothes : clothes2) {
- System.out.println(clothes);
- }
- //方式三:自定义谓词
- Predicate rule = (context) -> {
- final Map map = context.item(Map.class);
- boolean b1 = false;
- Object priceObj = map.getOrDefault("price", null);
- if (priceObj != null) {
- String priceStr = priceObj.toString();
- Double price = 0d;
- try {
- price = Double.parseDouble(priceStr);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- b1 = price > 50d;
- }
- boolean b2 = false;
- Object sizes = map.getOrDefault("sizes", null);
- if (sizes != null && sizes instanceof List) {
- List<String> sizeList = (List<String>) sizes;
- List<String> targetList = Arrays.asList("M");
- for (String size : sizeList) {
- if (targetList.contains(size)) {
- b2 = true;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- return b1 || b2;
- };
- // 使用谓词的占位符?
- Clothes[] clothes3 = ctx.read("$.store.clothes[?]", Clothes[].class, rule);
- System.out.println("-------------- clothes3 ---------------");
- for (Clothes clothes : clothes3) {
- System.out.println(clothes);
- }
- }
复制代码- ************** clothes1 ***************
- Clothes{name='牛仔裤', price=94.0, sizes=S}
- Clothes{name='裙子', price=1.24, sizes=[S, M]}
- Clothes{name='羊毛衫', price=78.99, sizes=[XS, XL]}
- Clothes{name='Polo衫', price=18.99, sizes=[XS, XL, M]}
- ************** clothes2 ***************
- Clothes{name='牛仔裤', price=94.0, sizes=S}
- Clothes{name='裙子', price=1.24, sizes=[S, M]}
- Clothes{name='羊毛衫', price=78.99, sizes=[XS, XL]}
- Clothes{name='Polo衫', price=18.99, sizes=[XS, XL, M]}
- -------------- clothes3 ---------------
- Clothes{name='牛仔裤', price=94.0, sizes=S}
- Clothes{name='裙子', price=1.24, sizes=[S, M]}
- Clothes{name='羊毛衫', price=78.99, sizes=[XS, XL]}
- Clothes{name='Polo衫', price=18.99, sizes=[XS, XL, M]}
复制代码 3.5、使用函数
- //language=JSON
- String jsonStr = "{\n" +
- " "name": "tom",\n" +
- " "age": 18,\n" +
- " "height": 1.77,\n" +
- " "scores": [1.1, 2.2, 3,3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6]\n" +
- "}";
- ReadContext ctx = JsonPath.using(Configuration.defaultConfiguration()).parse(jsonStr);
- Double min = ctx.read("$.scores.min()");
- System.out.println(min);//1.1
- Double max = ctx.read("$.scores.max()");
- System.out.println(max);//6.6
- Double avg = ctx.read("$.scores.avg()");
- System.out.println(avg);//3.6857142857142864
- Double stddev = ctx.read("$.scores.stddev()");
- System.out.println(stddev);//1.7779832647682354
- Double sum = ctx.read("$.scores.sum()");
- System.out.println(sum);//25.800000000000004
- Integer length = ctx.read("$.scores.length()");
- System.out.println(length);//7
- Set<String> keys = ctx.read("$.keys()");
- System.out.println(keys);//[name, age, height, scores]
- String concat = ctx.read("$.concat(@.name, " ", @.age)");
- System.out.println(concat);//tom 18
- List<Double> scores = ctx.read("$.scores.append(99.9)");
- System.out.println(scores);//[1.1,2.2,3,3,4.4,5.5,6.6,99.9]
复制代码 3.6、返回路径
JsonPath 可以返回 Path 或 Value。Value 是默认值,也是上面所有示例的返回值。如果你更希望得到我们的查询所命中的元素的路径,这可以通过一个选项来实现。
- //返回路径
- Configuration configuration = Configuration
- .builder()
- .options(Option.AS_PATH_LIST)
- .build();
- List<String> pathList = JsonPath.using(configuration).parse(jsonStr).read("$..author");
- System.out.println(pathList);
- //["$['store']['book'][0]['author']",
- // "$['store']['book'][1]['author']",
- // "$['store']['book'][2]['author']","
- // $['store']['book'][3]['author']"]
复制代码 3.7、添加/设置值
- String str = "{"name": "tom"}";
- //设置值
- String newStr1 = JsonPath.parse(str)
- .set("$.name", "jerry")
- .jsonString();
- //添加
- String newStr2 = JsonPath.parse(newStr1)
- .put("$", "age",17)
- .jsonString();
- //{"name":"jerry","age":17}
- System.out.println(newStr2);
复制代码 3.8、配置
1)、Options
有几个选项标志可以改变JsonPath的默认行为:
- DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL:该选项使 JsonPath 在缺少叶子节点时返回NUll值
- @Test
- public void configTest1() {
- //language=JSON
- String jsonStr = "[\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "john",\n" +
- " "gender" : "male"\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "ben"\n" +
- " }\n" +
- "]";
- //默认情况抛出异常
- //com.jayway.jsonpath.PathNotFoundException: No results for path: $[1]['gender']
- String gender1 = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr).read("$[1].gender");
- //使用DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL,会返回Null
- Configuration configuration = Configuration.builder()
- .options(Option.DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL)
- .build();
- String gender2 = JsonPath.using(configuration).parse(jsonStr).read("$[1].gender");
- System.out.println(gender2);//null
- }
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- ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST:纵然路径是确定的,也会返回一个列表
- @Test
- public void configTest2() {
- String jsonStr = "[\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "john",\n" +
- " "gender" : "male"\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "ben"\n" +
- " }\n" +
- "]";
- //默认情况下抛出异常
- //java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.util.List
- List<String> genders1 = JsonPath.parse(jsonStr).read("$[0].gender");
- //使用ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST,返回一个列表
- Configuration configuration = Configuration.builder()
- .options(Option.ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST)
- .build();
- List<String> genders2 = JsonPath.using(configuration).parse(jsonStr).read("$[0].gender");
- System.out.println(genders2);//["male"]
- }
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- SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS:该选项确保路径评估不会传播异常。它遵循以下简朴规则:
- 如果存在 ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST 选项,则返回空列表
- 如果不存在 ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST 选项,则返回Null
- @Test
- public void configTest3() {
- String jsonStr = "[\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "john",\n" +
- " "gender" : "male"\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "ben"\n" +
- " }\n" +
- "]";
- //存在 ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST选项,则返回空列表
- Configuration configuration1 = Configuration.builder()
- .options(Option.ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST, Option.SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS)
- .build();
- List<String> genders1 = JsonPath.using(configuration1).parse(jsonStr).read("$[1].gender");
- System.out.println(genders1);//[]
- //不存在 ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST选项,则返回Null
- Configuration configuration2 = Configuration.builder()
- .options(Option.SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS)
- .build();
- List<String> genders2 = JsonPath.using(configuration2).parse(jsonStr).read("$[1].gender");
- System.out.println(genders2);//null
- }
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- REQUIRE_PROPERTIES:在评估不确定路径时要求使用路径中界说的属性
- 如果REQUIRE_PROPERTIES选项存在,则抛出PathNotFoundException
- 如果REQUIRE_PROPERTIES选项不存在正常返回
- @Test
- public void configTest4() {
- String jsonStr = "[\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "john",\n" +
- " "gender" : "male"\n" +
- " },\n" +
- " {\n" +
- " "name" : "ben"\n" +
- " }\n" +
- "]";
- //存在 REQUIRE_PROPERTIES,则抛出异常
- //com.jayway.jsonpath.PathNotFoundException: No results for path: $[1]['gender']
- Configuration configuration1 = Configuration.builder()
- .options(Option.REQUIRE_PROPERTIES)
- .build();
- // List<String> genders1 = JsonPath.using(configuration1).parse(jsonStr).read("$[*].gender");
- //不存在 REQUIRE_PROPERTIES,返回["male"]
- Configuration configuration2 = Configuration.builder()
- .options()
- .build();
- List<String> genders2 = JsonPath.using(configuration2).parse(jsonStr).read("$[*].gender");
- System.out.println(genders2);//["male"]
- }
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2)、JsonProvider SPI
JsonPath 提供五种差别的 JsonProviders:
- JsonSmartJsonProvider (default)
- JacksonJsonProvider
- JacksonJsonNodeJsonProvider
- GsonJsonProvider
- JsonOrgJsonProvider
- JakartaJsonProvider
只有在应用程序初始化时,才气按演示更改配置默认值。强烈不发起在运行期间更改配置,尤其是在多线程应用程序中。
- Configuration.setDefaults(new Configuration.Defaults() {
- private final JsonProvider jsonProvider = new JacksonJsonProvider();
- private final MappingProvider mappingProvider = new JacksonMappingProvider();
-
- @Override
- public JsonProvider jsonProvider() {
- return jsonProvider;
- }
- @Override
- public MappingProvider mappingProvider() {
- return mappingProvider;
- }
-
- @Override
- public Set<Option> options() {
- return EnumSet.noneOf(Option.class);
- }
- });
复制代码 请注意,JacksonJsonProvider 必要 com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.4.5 的类路径,而 GsonJsonProvider 必要 com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1 的类路径。
Jakarta EE 9 JSON-P (JSR-342) 和 JSON-B (JSR-367) 提供程序至少必要 Java 8,并要求应用程序运行时类路径上有兼容的 JSON API 实现(如 Eclipse Glassfish 和 Eclipse Yasson);Java EE 应用程序容器也大概提供此类实现。还请注意,Apache Johnzon 尚不兼容 Jakarta EE 9 规范的类路径,如果选择 JSON-B 映射提供程序,则还必须配置和使用 JSON-P 提供程序。
Jakarta EE 9 关于 JSON 处置惩罚和数据库绑定(映射)的规范有一个特点,即 Json 数组和对象在完全解析或写入后具有不变性。为了服从 API 规范,同时答应 JsonPath 通过添加、设置/输入、替换和删除操纵来修改 Json 文档,JakartaJsonProvider 必须使用可选的 true 参数进行 initiliazed:
- JsonProvider jsonProvider = new JakartaJsonProvider(true)(启用可变 Json 数组和对象)
- JsonProvider jsonProvider = new JakartaJsonProvider()(默认,严酷遵循 JSON-P API)
无论采取哪种启动模式,都支持使用 JsonPath 进行的所有查找和读取操纵。默认模式所需的内存更少,性能更高。
3)、Cache SPI
JsonPath 2.1.0 引入了新的缓存 SPI。这答应 API 用户根据本身的必要配置路径缓存。缓存必须在首次访问前配置好,否则会产生 JsonPathException 异常。JsonPath 有两种缓存实现
- com.jayway.jsonpath.spi.cache.LRUCache(默认,线程安全)
- com.jayway.jsonpath.spi.cache.NOOPCache(无缓存)
如果您想实现本身的缓存,API 也很简朴:
- CacheProvider.setCache(new Cache() {
- //Not thread safe simple cache
- private Map<String, JsonPath> map = new HashMap<String, JsonPath>();
- @Override
- public JsonPath get(String key) {
- return map.get(key);
- }
- @Override
- public void put(String key, JsonPath jsonPath) {
- map.put(key, jsonPath);
- }
- });
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