作者 | JiekeXu
来源 |公众号 JiekeXu DBA之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）
如需转载请联系授权 | (个人微信 ID：JiekeXu_DBA)
各人好，我是 JiekeXu,江湖人称“强哥”，荣获 Oracle ACE 称号，墨天轮 MVP，墨天轮年度“墨力之星”，拥有 Oracle 11g OCP/OCM 认证,MySQL 5.7/8.0 OCP 认证以及 PCA、PCTA、OBCA、OGCA、KCP 等众多国产数据库认证证书,本日和各人一起来看看 Oracle 23ai free 版本地化安装指南，欢迎点击最上方蓝字“JiekeXu DBA之路”关注我的微信公众号，然后点击右上方三个点“设为星标”顶，更多干货文章才能第一时间推送，谢谢！
北京时间 2024年 5 月 3 日凌晨， Oracle Database 23ai 正式发布！在已往四年中，Oracle 数据库开发部分不停在积极研发 Oracle 数据库的下一个长期支持版本，重点是 AI 和提高开发人员的工作服从。鉴于此版本数据库中对 AI 的关注，Oracle Database 23c 更名为 Oracle Database 23ai。
Oracle Database 23ai 现已在 Oracle Exadata Cloud@Customer、OCI Exadata 数据库服务和 OCI 底子数据库服务上推出。Azure Oracle数据库服务中也有提供。对于开发人员，Oracle Database 23ai 如今可在 Always Free 自治数据库中使用，也可以在 Autonomous Database 23ai Container Image 和 Oracle Database 23ai Free 中下载。
您如今可以下载和试用 Oracle Database 23ai Free 本地版本：
- https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started 下载 Oracle Database 23ai rpm 和 VM VirtualBox ova 镜像文件，
- https://www.oracle.com/autonomous-database/free-trial/#free-container-image 下载 Autonomous Database 23ai 容器镜像
安装方式有如下图三种：
1）rpm 包安装方式
自 Oracle 18c 以后的版本，除传统的 zip 包安装方式外，便可以使用 rpm 包安装单机数据库。20 年的时候也写过 rpm 安装 19c 企业版的文章，感兴趣的可以点此检察：Oracle 19c 之 RPM 包安装初体验（一），客岁 11 月份的时候，写静默安装文章的时候在文末第四章写了 23c rpm 包安装的方式：Oracle 主流版本不同架构下的静默安装指南。
本日我们在 Oracle Linux 8.7 上通过 rpm 包安装 23ai 版本时，需要卸载之前安装的 23c。
卸载 23c free 版
- [root@jiekexu init.d]#
- /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c delete
- Deleting Oracle Listener.
- Deleting Oracle Database FREE.
- [WARNING] [DBT-19202] The Database
- Configuration Assistant will delete the Oracle instances and datafiles for your
- database. All information in the database will be destroyed.
- Prepare for db operation
- 32% complete
- Connecting to database
- 35% complete
- 39% complete
- 42% complete
- 45% complete
- 48% complete
- 52% complete
- 65% complete
- Updating network configuration files
- 68% complete
- Deleting instance and datafiles
- 84% complete
- 100% complete
- Database deletion completed.
- Look at the log file
- "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE0.log" for further details.
- [root@jiekexu init.d]# yum remove
- oracle-database-free-23c
- Dependencies resolved.
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Package Architecture Version Repository Size
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Removing:
- oracle-database-free-23c x86_64 1.0-1 @@commandline 5.2 G
- Transaction Summary
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Remove1 Package
- Freed space: 5.2 G
- Is this ok [y/N]: y
- Running transaction check
- Transaction check succeeded.
- Running transaction test
- Transaction test succeeded.
- Running transaction
- Preparing : 1/1
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Erasing :
- oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Verifying :
- oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Removed:
- oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64
- Complete!
- yum remove oracle-database-preinstall-23ai
下载 Linux8 下的 rpm 包 oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
- https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started/
下载 23ai preinstall rpm 包
- https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/
然后我们需要将下载好的这两个软件包上传到服务器任意目次下，通过 yum 去安装。
安装 preinstall 和 rpm 软件包
- dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
- dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
- [root@jiekexu soft]# dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
- Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:47 ago on Tue 07 May 2024 03:13:05 PM CST.
- Dependencies resolved.
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Package Architecture Version Repository Size
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Installing:
- oracle-database-preinstall-23ai x86_64 1.0-2.el8 @commandline 30 k
- replacing oracle-database-preinstall-23c.x86_64 1.0-0.5.el8
- Transaction Summary
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Install 1 Package
- Total size: 30 k
- Downloading Packages:
- Running transaction check
- Transaction check succeeded.
- Running transaction test
- Transaction test succeeded.
- Running transaction
- Preparing : 1/1
- Installing : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 1/2
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
- Obsoleting : oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 2/2
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
- Verifying : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 1/2
- Verifying : oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
- Installed:
- oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64
- Complete!
- [root@jiekexu soft]# dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
- Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:51 ago on Tue 07 May 2024 03:13:05 PM CST.
- Dependencies resolved.
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Package Architecture Version Repository Size
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Installing:
- oracle-database-free-23ai x86_64 1.0-1 @commandline 1.3 G
- Transaction Summary
- =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Install 1 Package
- Total size: 1.3 G
- Installed size: 3.6 G
- Downloading Packages:
- Running transaction check
- Transaction check succeeded.
- Running transaction test
- Transaction test succeeded.
- Running transaction
- Preparing : 1/1
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Installing : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- [INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
- [INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
- To configure Oracle Database Free, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf' and then run '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure' as root.
- Verifying : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
- Installed:
- oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64
- Complete!
- /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure
- [root@jiekexu init.d]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure
- Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password
- entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase
- character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same
- password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
- Confirm the
- password:
- Configuring
- Oracle Listener.
- Listener
- configuration succeeded.
- Configuring
- Oracle Database Free.
- Enter SYS
- user password:
- ***********
- Enter SYSTEM
- user password:
- ***********
- Enter
- PDBADMIN User Password:
- ***********
- Prepare for
- db operation
- 7% complete
- Copying
- database files
- 29% complete
- Creating and
- starting Oracle instance
- 30% complete
- 33% complete
- 36% complete
- 39% complete
- 43% complete
- Completing
- Database Creation
- 47% complete
- 49% complete
- 50% complete
- Creating
- Pluggable Databases
- 54% complete
- 71% complete
- Executing
- Post Configuration Actions
- 93% complete
- Running
- Custom Scripts
- 100% complete
- Database
- creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
- /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/Free.
- Database
- Information:
- Global
- Database Name:Free
- System
- Identifier(SID):Free
- Look at the
- log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/Free/Free1.log" for further
- details.
- Connect to
- Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
- Pluggable database: jiekexu/FREEPDB1
- Multitenant container database: jiekexu
- [root@jiekexu init.d]# su - oracle
- [oracle@jiekexu ~]$ vi .bash_profile
- # .bash_profile
- # Get the aliases and functions
- if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
- . ~/.bashrc
- fi
- # User specific environment and startup programs
- export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree
- export ORACLE_SID=Free
- export PDB_NAME=FREEPDB1
- export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
- export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
- export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
- export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch:$OGG_HOME:${PATH}
- export HOST=`hostname | cut -f1 -d"."`
- export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$OGG_HOME:/lib/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
- # General exports and vars
- export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
- LSNR=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl
- SQLPLUS=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus
- alias sys='sqlplus / as sysdba'
- stty erase ^H
登录数据库检察
- [oracle@jiekexu ~]$ sys
- SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue May 7 16:41:35 2024
- Version 23.4.0.24.05
- Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connected to:
- Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
- Version 23.4.0.24.05
- SQL> set line 240
- col profile for a20 SQL>
- set pages 999
- col username for a25
- col ACCOUNT_STATUS for a18
- select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,CREATED,LOCK_DATE,PROFILE,PASSWORD_VERSIONS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where account_status='OPEN' order by CREATED asc;
- SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL>
- USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS CREATED LOCK_DATE PROFILE PASSWORD_VERSIONS DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
- ------------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ------------------------------
- SYS OPEN 2024-04-24 10:23:46 DEFAULT 11G 12C SYSTEM
- SYSTEM OPEN 2024-04-24 10:23:46 DEFAULT 11G 12C SYSTEM
- SYSRAC OPEN 2024-04-24 10:23:47 DEFAULT USERS
- SQL> show pdbs
- CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
- 2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
- 3 FREEPDB1 READ WRITE NO
- SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,BIGFILE from dba_tablespaces;
- TABLESPACE_NAME BIG
- ------------------------------ ---
- SYSTEM YES
- SYSAUX YES
- UNDOTBS1 YES
- TEMP NO
- USERS YES
- SQL> alter session set container=FREEPDB1;
- Session altered.
- SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,BIGFILE from dba_tablespaces;
- TABLESPACE_NAME BIG
- ------------------------------ ---
- SYSTEM YES
- SYSAUX YES
- UNDOTBS1 YES
- TEMP NO
- USERS NO
- SQL> create tablespace jiekexu DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/jiekexu01.dbf' size 10m;
- Tablespace created.
开机自启动设置
Oracle 发起您将系统设置为在系统启动时主动启动 Oracle Database Free，并在系统关闭时主动关闭系统。主动关闭数据库可防止不正确的数据库关闭。
要主动启动和关闭侦听器和数据库，请按以下方式运行以下下令
- # systemctl daemon-reload
- # systemctl enable oracle-free-23ai
设置侦听器后，可以运行设置服务脚本来查抄数据库和侦听器的状态。
- # /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai status
- Status of the Oracle Free 23ai service:
- LISTENER status: RUNNING
- Free Database status: RUNNING
- # systemctl start oracle-free-23ai
- # systemctl stop oracle-free-23ai
- # systemctl restart oracle-free-23ai
验证开机自启动是否设置成功
2）Docker 版 oracle 23 ai 安装
docker 安装也非常简单，这里并不需要 Linux8,在一台可以联网的 Linux7 即可完成安装，启动 docker，直接 docker pull 就好了。
- Su – docker
- systemctl status docker
- systemctl start docker
- systemctl status docker
- docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
- docker run -d --name jieke23ai -h JiekeXu -p 1521:11521 container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
- docker exec -it jieke23ai sqlplus / as sysdba
- [docker@JiekeXu ~]$ docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 9c66d08f839a container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…" 12 hours ago Up 12 hours (healthy) 1521/tcp, 0.0.0.0:1521->11521/tcp, :::1521->11521/tcp jieke23ai
- [docker@JiekeXu ~]$ docker exec -it jieke23ai bash
- bash-4.4$
- bash-4.4$ lsnrctl status
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on 09-MAY-2024 15:27:11
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)))
- STATUS of the LISTENER
- ------------------------
- Alias LISTENER
- Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Production
- Start Date 09-MAY-2024 03:33:16
- Uptime 0 days 11 hr. 53 min. 55 sec
- Trace Level off
- Security ON: Local OS Authentication
- SNMP OFF
- Default Service FREE
- Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/listener.ora
- Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/JiekeXu/listener/alert/log.xml
- Listening Endpoints Summary...
- (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)))
- (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521)))
- Services Summary...
- Service "16df542da83f091ce0630500580a27e7" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- Service "FREE" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- Service "FREEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- Service "freepdb1" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- The command completed successfully
- bash-4.4$
- bash-4.4$ sqlplus / as sysdba
- SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu May 9 15:27:43 2024
- Version 23.4.0.24.05
- Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connected to:
- Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
- Version 23.4.0.24.05
3）导入 ova 安装
oracle 官方提供了一个已经在虚拟机上安装好了的 Oracle 23 ai,并将其打包成 ova 文件，可直接在官方下载，然后安装 VM VitualBox。完了将下载好的 ova 文件导入到虚拟机中，客岁 4 月份也写过相关的文章，感兴趣的可点此链接检察：只需三步快速体验 Oracle 23c FREE 开发版，这里就不介绍了。ova 文件自带了 Oracle Linux 8.9+ oracle 23ai free （Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 – Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.4.0.24.05）。
在 2022 年 9 月份的时候， Oracle 23c 的一些新特性就广为人知了，其时我也转载过一篇《Oracle Database 23c 十小新特性速览》，今年 5 月发布的 23 ai 涵盖了 300+ 的新特性，一下子全部掌握了照旧比力困难的，需要细嚼慢咽。比如，sqlplus 中就有五六个新特性：
- SQL> SHOW CONNECTION
- SP2-0306: Invalid option.
- Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/sp2-0306/
- Usage: SHOW CONN[ECTION] NETS[ERVICENAMES] [<net_service_name 1> <net_service_name 2> ..]
- SQL>
- SQL> SHOW CONNECTION NETS
- Local Net Naming configuration file: /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
- EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA
- FREE
- LISTENER_FREE
- FREEPDB1
- SQL>
- SQL> ping
- Ok (0.902 msec)
- SQL> ping freepdb1
- Local Net Naming configuration file: /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
- Attempting to contact: (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREEPDB1)))
- Ok (0.725 msec)
- SQL> CONFIG EXPORT TNS FILE
- Generating config store JSON for Local Net Naming configuration file /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
- Config store JSON file generated successfully (/home/oracle/oraconfig.json)
- SQL*Plus CONFIG Command
- SQL*Plus OERR Command and Improved HELP Syntax
- SQL*Plus PING Command and Command Line Option
- SQL*Plus SET ERRORDETAILS Command
- SQL*Plus SHOW CONNECTION Command
- SQL*Plus ARGUMENT Command
- https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqpug/ping.html#GUID-60C4A1C5-535A-4C9B-88F7-DDE2C198FD6E
参考链接
- https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started/
- https://www.oracle.com/database/23ai/
- https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/xeinl/index.html
- https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/nfcoa/toc.htm
- https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/nfcoa/application_development.html#GUID-87019-4
全文完，希望可以帮到正在阅读的你，如果觉得有帮助，可以分享给你身边的朋友，同事，你关心谁就分享给谁，一起学习共同进步~~~
分享几个数据库备份脚本
- [/code] [size=5][b]我的 Oracle ACE 心路历程[/b][/size]
- [size=5][b]MOP 系列|MOP 三种主流数据库索引简介[/b][/size]
- [code]Oracle 主流版本不同架构下的静默安装指南
- [/code] [size=5][b]关机重启导致 ASM 磁盘丢失数据库无法启动[/b][/size]
- [code]Oracle SQL 性能分析(SPA)原理与实战演练
- [/code] [size=5][b]Oracle 11g 升级到 19c 需要关注的几个问题[/b][/size]
- [size=5][b]Windows 10 情况下 MySQL 8.0.33 安装指南
- [/b][/size]
- [size=5][b]SQL 大全（四）|数据库迁移升级时常用 SQL 语句[/b][/size]
- [size=5][b]OGG|使用 OGG19c 迁移 Oracle11g 到 19C(第二版)[/b][/size]
- [code]Oracle 大数据量导出工具——sqluldr2 的安装与使用
使用数据泵使用 rowid 分片导出导入 lob 大表及最佳实践
- 在归档模式下直接 rm dbf 数据文件并重启数据库还有救吗？
————————————————————————————
公众号：JiekeXu DBA之路
墨天轮：https://www.modb.pro/u/4347
CSDN ：https://blog.csdn.net/JiekeXu
ITPUB：https://blog.itpub.net/69968215
腾讯云：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/5645107
————————————————————————————
免责声明：如果侵犯了您的权益，请联系站长，我们会及时删除侵权内容，谢谢合作！更多信息从访问主页：qidao123.com:ToB企服之家，中国第一个企服评测及商务社交产业平台。 | 
