如题:使用三个线程交替打印ABC,直至100次代码实战
方法一:
使用notify()、wait()方法- public class PrintAbc {
- /**
- * 唤醒线程的状态值 state: threadA = 0, threadB = 1, threadC =2,
- */
- int state = 0;
- /**
- * 循环技术,初始值0
- */
- int count = 0;
- public void print(PrintAbc printAbc) {
- Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
- extracted(printAbc, "A", 0, 1);
- });
- Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
- extracted(printAbc, "B", 1, 2);
- });
- Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> {
- extracted(printAbc, "C", 2, 0);
- });
- threadC.start();
- threadB.start();
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- threadA.start();
- }
- /**
- * 交替打印abc,直至100次
- *
- * @param printAbc 锁对象
- * @param a 打印的字母, 对应A、B、C
- * @param needState 当前线程对应的state状态值
- * @param nextState 唤醒下一个线程所需state状态值
- */
- private void extracted(PrintAbc printAbc, String a, int needState, int nextState) {
- while (true) {
- synchronized (printAbc) {
- if (count >= 100) {
- break;
- }
- if (printAbc.count < 100 && printAbc.state == needState) {
- System.out.println(a);
- printAbc.state = nextState;
- printAbc.count++;
- printAbc.notifyAll();
- } else {
- try {
- printAbc.wait();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- PrintAbc printAbc = new PrintAbc();
- printAbc.print(printAbc);
- }
- }
复制代码 上述代码使用notify(),wait(),进行线程间的条件唤醒,state的初始状态是0,对应线程A,所以第一次打印字母也一定是A
方法二
使用ReentrantLock的的Condition条件- public class PrintAbcByCondition {
- /**
- * 循环计数初始值0
- */
- static int count = 0;
- public void print() {
- ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
- Condition conditionA = reentrantLock.newCondition();
- Condition conditionB = reentrantLock.newCondition();
- Condition conditionC = reentrantLock.newCondition();
- Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
- while (true) {
- try {
- reentrantLock.lock();
- // threadA进来打印A然后唤醒threadB
- if (count < 100) {
- System.out.println("A");
- count++;
- conditionB.signal();
- }
- conditionA.await();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- } finally {
- reentrantLock.unlock();
- }
- }
- });
- Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
- while (true) {
- try {
- reentrantLock.lock();
- // threadB进来就阻塞等待threadA使用完毕
- conditionB.await();
- if (count < 100) {
- System.out.println("B");
- count++;
- conditionC.signal();
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- } finally {
- reentrantLock.unlock();
- }
- }
- });
- Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> {
- while (true) {
- try {
- reentrantLock.lock();
- // threadC进来就阻塞等待threadB使用完毕
- conditionC.await();
- if (count < 100) {
- System.out.println("C");
- count++;
- conditionA.signal();
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- } finally {
- reentrantLock.unlock();
- }
- }
- });
- threadC.start();
- threadB.start();
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- threadA.start();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- new PrintAbcByCondition().print();
- }
- }
复制代码 使用ReentrantLock的的Condition条件,很容易能实现三个线程之间的交替打印,需要注意的一点就是线程A是需要第一个执行,可以看到代码里threadA在等待1秒后在执行,也能确保是第一个进行打印,原因如下:
线程B和线程C中任意一个线程拿到锁都需要等待条件成立,线程C依赖线程B,而线程B依赖线程A,所以他们会一直阻塞直至线程A执行
上述两个方法中,核心问题就是如何实现线程间的条件唤醒,如方法一,我们可以自定义state状态变量来与各个线程绑定,每个线程都有自己对应的state状态,当state变量当前值与线程自身期望的state值相同才唤醒当前线程。也可以使用juc中ReentrantLock的提供的Condition条件完成线程间的条件唤醒
至此,三个线程交替打印ABC100次的实现方法介绍完毕
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