利用GEE盘算城市遥感生态指数(RSEI)——Landsat 8为例
前言城市生态与人类生活息息相关，快速 、准确 、客 观地了解城市生态状态已成为生态范畴的一个研究重点 。基于遥感技术，提出一个完全基 于遥感技术 ，以天然因子为主的遥感生态指数 (RSEI)来对城市的生态状态举行快速监测与评价 。该指数利用主身分分析技术集成了植被指数 、湿度分量、地表温度和建筑指数等 4个评价指标，它们分别代表了绿度、湿度、热度和干度等4大生态要素。
本文基于GEE平台，实现RSEI算法。
运行结果：
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8385b291de214aae9ef4a5e0ff6e1451.png#pic_center
第一步：界说研究区，自行更换本身的研究区
代码如下（示例）：
// 第一步:定义研究区，自行更换自己的研究区
var roi =
/* color: #98ff00 */
/* displayProperties: [
{
"type": "rectangle"
}
] */
ee.Geometry.Polygon(
[[,
,
,
]], null, false);
Map.centerObject(roi);
第二步：加载数据集,界说去云函数
代码如下（示例）：
// 第二步：加载数据集,定义去云函数
function removeCloud(image){
var qa = image.select('BQA')
var cloudMask = qa.bitwiseAnd(1 << 4).eq(0)
var cloudShadowMask = qa.bitwiseAnd(1 << 8).eq(0)
var valid = cloudMask.and(cloudShadowMask)
return image.updateMask(valid)
}
// 数据集去云处理
var L8 = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC08/C01/T1_TOA')
.filterBounds(roi)
.filterDate('2018-01-01', '2019-12-31')
.filterMetadata('CLOUD_COVER', 'less_than',50)
.map(function(image){
return image.set('year', ee.Image(image).date().get('year'))
})
.map(removeCloud)
// 影像合成
var L8imgList = ee.List([])
for(var a = 2018; a < 2020; a++){
var img = L8.filterMetadata('year', 'equals', a).median().clip(roi)
var L8img = img.set('year', a)
L8imgList = L8imgList.add(L8img)
}
第三步：主函数,盘算生态指标
代码如下（示例）：
// 第三步：主函数,计算生态指标
var L8imgCol = ee.ImageCollection(L8imgList)
.map(function(img){
return img.clip(roi)
})
L8imgCol = L8imgCol.map(function(img){
// 湿度函数:Wet
var Wet = img.expression('B*(0.1509) + G*(0.1973) + R*(0.3279) + NIR*(0.3406) + SWIR1*(-0.7112) + SWIR2*(-0.4572)',{
'B': img.select(['B2']),
'G': img.select(['B3']),
'R': img.select(['B4']),
'NIR': img.select(['B5']),
'SWIR1': img.select(['B6']),
'SWIR2': img.select(['B7'])
})
img = img.addBands(Wet.rename('WET'))
// 绿度函数:NDVI
var ndvi = img.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B4']);
img = img.addBands(ndvi.rename('NDVI'))
// 热度函数:lst 直接采用MODIS产品
var lst = ee.ImageCollection('MODIS/006/MOD11A1').map(function(img){
return img.clip(roi)
})
.filterDate('2014-01-01', '2019-12-31')
var year = img.get('year')
lst=lst.filterDate(ee.String(year).cat('-01-01'),ee.String(year).cat('-12-31')).select(['LST_Day_1km', 'LST_Night_1km']);
// reproject主要是为了确保分辨率为1000
var img_mean=lst.mean().reproject('EPSG:4326',null,1000);
//print(img_mean.projection().nominalScale())
img_mean = img_mean.expression('((Day + Night) / 2)',{
'Day': img_mean.select(['LST_Day_1km']),
'Night': img_mean.select(['LST_Night_1km']),
})
img = img.addBands(img_mean.rename('LST'))
// 干度函数:ndbsi = ( ibi + si ) / 2
var ibi = img.expression('(2 * SWIR1 / (SWIR1 + NIR) - (NIR / (NIR + RED) + GREEN / (GREEN + SWIR1))) / (2 * SWIR1 / (SWIR1 + NIR) + (NIR / (NIR + RED) + GREEN / (GREEN + SWIR1)))', {
'SWIR1': img.select('B6'),
'NIR': img.select('B5'),
'RED': img.select('B4'),
'GREEN': img.select('B3')
})
var si = img.expression('((SWIR1 + RED) - (NIR + BLUE)) / ((SWIR1 + RED) + (NIR + BLUE))', {
'SWIR1': img.select('B6'),
'NIR': img.select('B5'),
'RED': img.select('B4'),
'BLUE': img.select('B2')
})
var ndbsi = (ibi.add(si)).divide(2)
return img.addBands(ndbsi.rename('NDBSI'))
})
var bandNames = ['NDVI', "NDBSI", "WET", "LST"]
L8imgCol = L8imgCol.select(bandNames)
//定义归一化函数:归一化
var img_normalize = function(img){
var minMax = img.reduceRegion({
reducer:ee.Reducer.minMax(),
geometry: roi,
scale: 1000,
maxPixels: 10e13,
})
var year = img.get('year')
var normalize= ee.ImageCollection.fromImages(
img.bandNames().map(function(name){
name = ee.String(name);
var band = img.select(name);
return band.unitScale(ee.Number(minMax.get(name.cat('_min'))), ee.Number(minMax.get(name.cat('_max'))));
})
).toBands().rename(img.bandNames()).set('year', year);
return normalize;
}
var imgNorcol= L8imgCol.map(img_normalize);
第四步：PCA融合，提取第一主身分
代码如下（示例）：
// 第四步:PCA融合，提取第一主成分
var pca = function(img){
var bandNames = img.bandNames();
var region = roi;
var year = img.get('year')
// Mean center the data to enable a faster covariance reducer
// and an SD stretch of the principal components.
var meanDict = img.reduceRegion({
reducer:ee.Reducer.mean(),
geometry: region,
scale: 1000,
maxPixels: 10e13
});
var means = ee.Image.constant(meanDict.values(bandNames));
var centered = img.subtract(means).set('year', year);
// This helper function returns a list of new band names.
var getNewBandNames = function(prefix, bandNames){
var seq = ee.List.sequence(1, 4);
//var seq = ee.List.sequence(1, bandNames.length());
return seq.map(function(n){
return ee.String(prefix).cat(ee.Number(n).int());
});
};
// This function accepts mean centered imagery, a scale and
// a region in which to perform the analysis.It returns the
// Principal Components (PC) in the region as a new image.
var getPrincipalComponents = function(centered, scale, region){
var year = centered.get('year')
var arrays = centered.toArray();
// Compute the covariance of the bands within the region.
var covar = arrays.reduceRegion({
reducer: ee.Reducer.centeredCovariance(),
geometry: region,
scale: scale,
bestEffort:true,
maxPixels: 10e13
});
// Get the 'array' covariance result and cast to an array.
// This represents the band-to-band covariance within the region.
var covarArray = ee.Array(covar.get('array'));
// Perform an eigen analysis and slice apart the values and vectors.
var eigens = covarArray.eigen();
// This is a P-length vector of Eigenvalues.
var eigenValues = eigens.slice(1, 0, 1);
// This is a PxP matrix with eigenvectors in rows.
var eigenVectors = eigens.slice(1, 1);
// Convert the array image to 2D arrays for matrix computations.
var arrayImage = arrays.toArray(1)
// Left multiply the image array by the matrix of eigenvectors.
var principalComponents = ee.Image(eigenVectors).matrixMultiply(arrayImage);
// Turn the square roots of the Eigenvalues into a P-band image.
var sdImage = ee.Image(eigenValues.sqrt())
.arrayProject().arrayFlatten();
// Turn the PCs into a P-band image, normalized by SD.
return principalComponents
// Throw out an an unneeded dimension, [[]] -> [].
.arrayProject()
// Make the one band array image a multi-band image, [] -> image.
.arrayFlatten()
// Normalize the PCs by their SDs.
.divide(sdImage)
.set('year', year);
}
// Get the PCs at the specified scale and in the specified region
img = getPrincipalComponents(centered, 1000, region);
return img;
};
var PCA_imgcol = imgNorcol.map(pca)
Map.addLayer(PCA_imgcol.first(), {"bands":["PC1"]}, 'pc1')
第五步：利用PC1，盘算RSEI，并归一化
代码如下（示例）：
// 第五步：利用PC1，计算RSEI，并归一化
var RSEI_imgcol = PCA_imgcol.map(function(img){
img = img.addBands(ee.Image(1).rename('constant'))
var rsei = img.expression('constant - pc1' , {
constant: img.select('constant'),
pc1: img.select('PC1')
})
rsei = img_normalize(rsei)
return img.addBands(rsei.rename('rsei'))
})
print(RSEI_imgcol)
var visParam = {
palette: '040274, 040281, 0502a3, 0502b8, 0502ce, 0502e6, 0602ff, 235cb1, 307ef3, 269db1, 30c8e2, 32d3ef, 3be285, 3ff38f, 86e26f, 3ae237, b5e22e, d6e21f, fff705, ffd611, ffb613, ff8b13, ff6e08, ff500d, ff0000, de0101, c21301, a71001, 911003'
};
Map.addLayer(RSEI_imgcol.first().select('rsei'), visParam, 'rsei')
完整代码
代码如下（示例）：
// 第一步:定义研究区，自行更换自己的研究区
var roi =
/* color: #98ff00 */
/* displayProperties: [
{
"type": "rectangle"
}
] */
ee.Geometry.Polygon(
[[,
,
,
]], null, false);
Map.centerObject(roi);
// 第二步：加载数据集,定义去云函数
function removeCloud(image){
var qa = image.select('BQA')
var cloudMask = qa.bitwiseAnd(1 << 4).eq(0)
var cloudShadowMask = qa.bitwiseAnd(1 << 8).eq(0)
var valid = cloudMask.and(cloudShadowMask)
return image.updateMask(valid)
}
// 数据集去云处理
var L8 = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC08/C01/T1_TOA')
.filterBounds(roi)
.filterDate('2018-01-01', '2019-12-31')
.filterMetadata('CLOUD_COVER', 'less_than',50)
.map(function(image){
return image.set('year', ee.Image(image).date().get('year'))
})
.map(removeCloud)
// 影像合成
var L8imgList = ee.List([])
for(var a = 2018; a < 2020; a++){
var img = L8.filterMetadata('year', 'equals', a).median().clip(roi)
var L8img = img.set('year', a)
L8imgList = L8imgList.add(L8img)
}
// 第三步：主函数,计算生态指标
var L8imgCol = ee.ImageCollection(L8imgList)
.map(function(img){
return img.clip(roi)
})
L8imgCol = L8imgCol.map(function(img){
// 湿度函数:Wet
var Wet = img.expression('B*(0.1509) + G*(0.1973) + R*(0.3279) + NIR*(0.3406) + SWIR1*(-0.7112) + SWIR2*(-0.4572)',{
'B': img.select(['B2']),
'G': img.select(['B3']),
'R': img.select(['B4']),
'NIR': img.select(['B5']),
'SWIR1': img.select(['B6']),
'SWIR2': img.select(['B7'])
})
img = img.addBands(Wet.rename('WET'))
// 绿度函数:NDVI
var ndvi = img.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B4']);
img = img.addBands(ndvi.rename('NDVI'))
// 热度函数:lst 直接采用MODIS产品
var lst = ee.ImageCollection('MODIS/006/MOD11A1').map(function(img){
return img.clip(roi)
})
.filterDate('2014-01-01', '2019-12-31')
var year = img.get('year')
lst=lst.filterDate(ee.String(year).cat('-01-01'),ee.String(year).cat('-12-31')).select(['LST_Day_1km', 'LST_Night_1km']);
// reproject主要是为了确保分辨率为1000
var img_mean=lst.mean().reproject('EPSG:4326',null,1000);
//print(img_mean.projection().nominalScale())
img_mean = img_mean.expression('((Day + Night) / 2)',{
'Day': img_mean.select(['LST_Day_1km']),
'Night': img_mean.select(['LST_Night_1km']),
})
img = img.addBands(img_mean.rename('LST'))
// 干度函数:ndbsi = ( ibi + si ) / 2
var ibi = img.expression('(2 * SWIR1 / (SWIR1 + NIR) - (NIR / (NIR + RED) + GREEN / (GREEN + SWIR1))) / (2 * SWIR1 / (SWIR1 + NIR) + (NIR / (NIR + RED) + GREEN / (GREEN + SWIR1)))', {
'SWIR1': img.select('B6'),
'NIR': img.select('B5'),
'RED': img.select('B4'),
'GREEN': img.select('B3')
})
var si = img.expression('((SWIR1 + RED) - (NIR + BLUE)) / ((SWIR1 + RED) + (NIR + BLUE))', {
'SWIR1': img.select('B6'),
'NIR': img.select('B5'),
'RED': img.select('B4'),
'BLUE': img.select('B2')
})
var ndbsi = (ibi.add(si)).divide(2)
return img.addBands(ndbsi.rename('NDBSI'))
})
var bandNames = ['NDVI', "NDBSI", "WET", "LST"]
L8imgCol = L8imgCol.select(bandNames)
//定义归一化函数:归一化
var img_normalize = function(img){
var minMax = img.reduceRegion({
reducer:ee.Reducer.minMax(),
geometry: roi,
scale: 1000,
maxPixels: 10e13,
})
var year = img.get('year')
var normalize= ee.ImageCollection.fromImages(
img.bandNames().map(function(name){
name = ee.String(name);
var band = img.select(name);
return band.unitScale(ee.Number(minMax.get(name.cat('_min'))), ee.Number(minMax.get(name.cat('_max'))));
})
).toBands().rename(img.bandNames()).set('year', year);
return normalize;
}
var imgNorcol= L8imgCol.map(img_normalize);
// 第四步:PCA融合，提取第一主成分
var pca = function(img){
var bandNames = img.bandNames();
var region = roi;
var year = img.get('year')
// Mean center the data to enable a faster covariance reducer
// and an SD stretch of the principal components.
var meanDict = img.reduceRegion({
reducer:ee.Reducer.mean(),
geometry: region,
scale: 1000,
maxPixels: 10e13
});
var means = ee.Image.constant(meanDict.values(bandNames));
var centered = img.subtract(means).set('year', year);
// This helper function returns a list of new band names.
var getNewBandNames = function(prefix, bandNames){
var seq = ee.List.sequence(1, 4);
//var seq = ee.List.sequence(1, bandNames.length());
return seq.map(function(n){
return ee.String(prefix).cat(ee.Number(n).int());
});
};
// This function accepts mean centered imagery, a scale and
// a region in which to perform the analysis.It returns the
// Principal Components (PC) in the region as a new image.
var getPrincipalComponents = function(centered, scale, region){
var year = centered.get('year')
var arrays = centered.toArray();
// Compute the covariance of the bands within the region.
var covar = arrays.reduceRegion({
reducer: ee.Reducer.centeredCovariance(),
geometry: region,
scale: scale,
bestEffort:true,
maxPixels: 10e13
});
// Get the 'array' covariance result and cast to an array.
// This represents the band-to-band covariance within the region.
var covarArray = ee.Array(covar.get('array'));
// Perform an eigen analysis and slice apart the values and vectors.
var eigens = covarArray.eigen();
// This is a P-length vector of Eigenvalues.
var eigenValues = eigens.slice(1, 0, 1);
// This is a PxP matrix with eigenvectors in rows.
var eigenVectors = eigens.slice(1, 1);
// Convert the array image to 2D arrays for matrix computations.
var arrayImage = arrays.toArray(1)
// Left multiply the image array by the matrix of eigenvectors.
var principalComponents = ee.Image(eigenVectors).matrixMultiply(arrayImage);
// Turn the square roots of the Eigenvalues into a P-band image.
var sdImage = ee.Image(eigenValues.sqrt())
.arrayProject().arrayFlatten();
// Turn the PCs into a P-band image, normalized by SD.
return principalComponents
// Throw out an an unneeded dimension, [[]] -> [].
.arrayProject()
// Make the one band array image a multi-band image, [] -> image.
.arrayFlatten()
// Normalize the PCs by their SDs.
.divide(sdImage)
.set('year', year);
}
// Get the PCs at the specified scale and in the specified region
img = getPrincipalComponents(centered, 1000, region);
return img;
};
var PCA_imgcol = imgNorcol.map(pca)
Map.addLayer(PCA_imgcol.first(), {"bands":["PC1"]}, 'pc1')
// 第五步：利用PC1，计算RSEI，并归一化
var RSEI_imgcol = PCA_imgcol.map(function(img){
img = img.addBands(ee.Image(1).rename('constant'))
var rsei = img.expression('constant - pc1' , {
constant: img.select('constant'),
pc1: img.select('PC1')
})
rsei = img_normalize(rsei)
return img.addBands(rsei.rename('rsei'))
})
print(RSEI_imgcol)
var visParam = {
palette: '040274, 040281, 0502a3, 0502b8, 0502ce, 0502e6, 0602ff, 235cb1, 307ef3, 269db1, 30c8e2, 32d3ef, 3be285, 3ff38f, 86e26f, 3ae237, b5e22e, d6e21f, fff705, ffd611, ffb613, ff8b13, ff6e08, ff500d, ff0000, de0101, c21301, a71001, 911003'
};
Map.addLayer(RSEI_imgcol.first().select('rsei'), visParam, 'rsei')
总结
提示：用完代码记得反馈。
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