7、listener监听
启动远程图形界面登录的工具# vncserver监听
监听的启动
$ lsnrctl start判断监听是否启动
$ netstat -tulnp | grep 1521
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1440/tnslsnr-- LISTEN：表示监听已经启动
-- 1440：监听对应的进程编号
-- ::: 表示所有的IP地址都启动1521端口
检察监听状态
$ lsnrctl status -- 这个命令默认是：lsnrctl status listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-JAN-2017 02:56:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=db11g)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 10-JAN-2017 19:47:03
Uptime 2 days 7 hr. 9 min. 49 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=db11g)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary…
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully检察监听进程
$ ps -ef | grep 1440
oracle 1440 10 Jan10 ? 00:00:11 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 13687 136450 02:59 pts/0 00:00:00 grep 1440监听表现为一个进程，默认端标语：1521
监听的配置文件
1、listener.ora文件（主要配置监听）
listener.ora文件：服务器端的（启动监听的时间读listener.ora文件）
listener.ora文件位置：
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
$ ls
listener.orasamplesshrept.lsttnsnames.oralistener.ora文件控制着监听
没有listener.ora文件时：
假如没有listener.ora配置文件，监听也可以启动，默认使用1521端口，所有IP都启动1521端口，下图表明：
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118164557433-358065092.png
默认情况下，以后通过所有的IP地址都可以毗连
检察恣意一个IP地址是否启动1521端口，启动着1521端口都可以毗连上数据库实例
以192.168.56.70为例：
$ telnet 192.168.56.70 1521https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118164846898-2089480869.png
这就表示着：在192.168.56.70地址上启动着1521端口
然后ctrl+c退出
启动数据库实例：
$ sqlplus / as sysdba --登录数据库
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Jan 13 06:02:46 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup --启动数据库实例配置listener.ora监听文件（建立、添加一个监听）
只想要某一个IP地址启动1521端口，例如：只想在192.168.56.70这个IP地址上启动1521端口，这时要去生成一个配置文件：
1、使用vnc毗连上数据库
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118164902811-2062213124.png
2、点击continue按钮
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165020027-1308731563.png
3、输入暗码，点击OK
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165031015-171406638.png
点击'X'关闭
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165040453-95995666.png
打开open terminal
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165049100-943551882.png
4、使用netca下令配置监听，可以生成listener.ora这个文件：
首先Set and export DISPLAY（指定图像映射机器）：
$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0 https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165111831-546200184.png
5、选择listener configuration，点击next
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165119224-557218175.png
6、由于没有listener.ora这个文件，所以选择Add，点击next
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165126372-1219770913.png
7、监听的名字，默认就要LISTENER，点击next
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165132765-1754064297.png
8、选择TCP，点击next
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165138767-1645570918.png
9、选择默认端口1521
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165146331-1418295368.png
10、选择No，点击next
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165152953-1491325210.png
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165158548-1897481756.png
11、点击finish
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165206519-2146921736.png
配置完成
12、检察配置完成的listener.ora文件：
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ cd network/admin
$ ls
listener.orasamplesshrept.lsttnsnames.ora13、修改listener.ora文件：
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.70)(PORT = 1521)) --将原来的主机名改为IP地址：192.168.56.70
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle注意：LISTENER监听这个名字不要去修改它，由于pmonitor默认是往名字为LISTENER的监听里注册instancename和servername
14、重新启动监听
$ lsnrctl stop -- 关闭监听
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 16-JAN-2017 15:08:18
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.12)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
$ lsnrctl start -- 启动监听
$ lsnrctl status --查看监听状态
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 16-JAN-2017 15:09:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.12)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 16-JAN-2017 15:09:04
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 49 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFFL
istener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.12)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary…
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… --说明监听已成功启动
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully15、再次检察监听
$ netstat -tulpn | grep 1521
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 192.168.56.70:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1583/tnslsnr这时间只有192.168.56.70这个IP地址上启动了1521端口
监听的静态注册
我们也可以建立多个监听，但是pmonitor默认是往名字为LISTENER的监听里注册instancename和servername，就会导致使用其他监听连接数据库实例的时候连接不上图解：
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165250796-1019860327.png
如何静态注册监听？
1、使用netmgr下令：
$ netmgr2、选择listener1，然后选择database services
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241118165409798-534604598.png
3、选择add database
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135435091-513530926.png
4、输入global database name：cis1（服务名，可以自己输入），SID：cis（数据库实例名）
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135445691-360753364.png
5、生存，然后退出
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135456520-987712192.png
6、重启监听listener1，检察状态
$ lsnrctl reload listener1
$ lsnrctl status listener1https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135539110-376051105.png
静态注册的监听listener1：
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135530267-365209094.png
status的几个状态
1、ready：可以连接，动态注册
2、blocked：不可以连接，动态注册
3、unknown：静态注册，是否可以连接取决于实例是否启动监听的几个情况：
多个监听
1、两个名字：
一个ip、两个端口
两个ip、一个端口
2、一个名字：
一个ip、两个端口，但是只起一个进程
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135602440-1625432953.png
两个ip、一个端口
一般情况我们说的是：两个名字、两个ip、同一个端口，listener1静态注册的
https://img2024.cnblogs.com/blog/2538737/202411/2538737-20241120135612007-50917880.png
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