如何单机部署多个 MySQL 8.0 实例 ?

在服务器资源有限的情况下，可利用该方案快速搭建各类 mysql 架构方案。各 MySQL 实例共享一个 mysqld 主程序，但各实例数据目录是独立的，存放在不同的文件夹中；好了、废话不多说，直接上干货，具体搭建步骤如下
环境介绍

实例主机mysql portmysqlx portdatadirmysql1192.168.31.100330633060/var/lib/mysql1/mysql2192.168.31.100330733070/var/lib/mysql2/mysql3192.168.31.100330833080/var/lib/mysql3/部署 MySQL 主程序

1、通过官方二进制包解压安装

1. wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
2. tar xzf mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
3. mv mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
5. # vim /etc/profile 添加环境变量，执行 source /etc/profile 使配置在当前 shell 下生效
6. export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
8. # 创建各 mysql 服务器实例的数据目录 datadir
9. useradd -r -M mysql -s /bin/false
10. mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql{1..3} && chown mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql{1..3}

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修改 MySQL 实例配置

设置各 mysql 实例的配置文件

1. cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
2. [mysqld_multi]
3. mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
4. mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
5. user = root
6. pass = root             # 后续变更各 mysql 实例 root 账号的初始随机密码为简单密码 root，因为停止各 mysql 实例时需使用此密码
7. log = /var/log/mysql_multi.log
9. # mysql 实例一
10. [mysqld1]
11. server-id = 1
12. socket = /var/lib/mysql1/mysql.sock
13. port = 3306
14. bind_address = 0.0.0.0
15. datadir = /var/lib/mysql1
16. user = mysql
17. performance_schema = off
18. innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
19. skip_name_resolve = 1
20. log_error = error.log
21. pid-file = /var/lib/mysql1/mysql.pid
22. mysqlx = 1        # 设置 0 则禁用 mysqlx, 其默认监听端口 33060
23. mysqlx-port = 33060
25. # mysql 实例二
26. [mysqld2]
27. server-id = 2
28. socket = /var/lib/mysql2/mysql.sock
29. port = 3307
30. bind_address = 0.0.0.0
31. datadir = /var/lib/mysql2
32. user = mysql
33. performance_schema = off
34. innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
35. skip_name_resolve = 1
36. log_error = error.log
37. pid-file = /var/lib/mysql2/mysql.pid
38. mysqlx = 1
39. mysqlx-port = 33070
41. # mysql 实例三
42. [mysqld3]
43. server-id = 3
44. socket = /var/lib/mysql3/mysql.sock
45. port = 3308
46. bind_address = 0.0.0.0
47. datadir = /var/lib/mysql3
48. user = mysql
49. performance_schema = off
50. innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
51. skip_name_resolve = 1
52. log_error = error.log
53. pid-file = /var/lib/mysql3/mysql.pid
54. mysqlx = 1
55. mysqlx-port = 33080
56. EOF

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启动 mysql 实例

设置多实例启动程序

1. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql1
2. #> 2023-03-15T01:22:52.092218Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 15026
3. #> 2023-03-15T01:22:52.119703Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
4. #> 2023-03-15T01:22:55.237170Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
5. #> 2023-03-15T01:23:00.616679Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lqYujqcue7*_
7. # 同理，初始化其它 mysql 实例（mysql2、mysql3）
8. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql2
9. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql3

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更新 root 账号密码

1、使用初始随机密码登录各 MySQL 实例

1. cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid
2. chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid
4. # 启动 各 mysql 实例
5. /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid start
6. chkconfig mysqld_multid on              # 可选，设置开机启动
8. /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid report        # 查看运行情况
9. #> Reporting MySQL servers
10. #> MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
11. #> MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
12. #> MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
14. netstat -ntlp | grep mysqld
15. #> Active Internet connections (only servers)
16. #> Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
17. #> tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19867/mysqld
18. #> tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19869/mysqld
19. #> tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3308            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19876/mysqld
20. #> tcp6       0      0 :::33080                :::*                    LISTEN      19876/mysqld
21. #> tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      19867/mysqld
22. #> tcp6       0      0 :::33070                :::*                    LISTEN      19869/mysqld
24. # 停止 各 mysql 实例，需先更新 root 账号密码为 root，因为其实现原理是通过 mysqladmin 登录到各 mysql 实例执行 shutdown
25. /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid stop

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2、设置 MySQL root 账号为简单密码 root，且允许从任意主机访问数据库

1. mysql -u root -p -P3306 -S /var/lib/mysql1/mysql.sock
2. mysql -u root -p -P3307 -S /var/lib/mysql2/mysql.sock
3. mysql -u root -p -P3308 -S /var/lib/mysql3/mysql.sock

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参考

MySQL-5.7.x 二进制包，官方下载地址

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