Solana 开发学习之通过RPC与Solana交互
相干链接
JSON-RPC 2.0 规范
JSON-RPC 是一种无状态、轻量级远程过程调用 (RPC) 协议。该规范重要界说了几种数据结构及其处理惩罚规则。它与传输无关,因为这些概念可以在同一进程中、通过套接字、通过 http 或在许多差别的消息转达情况中利用。它利用JSON ( RFC 4627 ) 作为数据格式。
接口RPC
节点相干接口
获取集群节点信息
通过getClusterNodes方法可以获得当前网络内,集群节点的相干信息,比如验证者的key,节点IP,节点版本等。- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
- "method": "getClusterNodes"
- }
- '
-
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"featureSet":3580551090,"gossip":"67.209.54.90:8001","pubkey":"7pbH563fFai2Gm8aXGi27Toj1i7x55rGp7QQ8ZQt6C7i","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":"67.209.54.90:8004","tpuQuic":"67.209.54.90:8010","version":"1.17.21"},{"featureSet":3580551090,"gossip":"37.27.61.250:8000","pubkey":"HPpYXZ944SXpJB3Tb7Zzy2K7YD45zGREsGqPtEP43xBx","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":"37.27.61.250:8003","tpuQuic":"37.27.61.250:8009","version":"1.17.22"},
- ......
- {"featureSet":3011420684,"gossip":"69.197.5.60:8001","pubkey":"FKizb2faoz57ym1bTWcZhei3aUZu7eU5AiY1EYoZsok6","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":null,"tpuQuic":null,"version":"1.17.5"}],"id":1}
复制代码 区块相干接口
获取当前区块高度
通过getBlockHeight可以获取当前的区块高度
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
- "method":"getBlockHeight"
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}
复制代码 获取最近的Block Hash
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "id":1,
- "jsonrpc":"2.0",
- "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
- "params":[
- {
- "commitment":"processed"
- }
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}
复制代码 获取指定高度block的信息
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,
- "method":"getBlock",
- "params": [
- 174302734,
- {
- "encoding": "jsonParsed",
- "maxSupportedTransactionVersion":0,
- "transactionDetails":"full",
- "rewards":false
- }
- ]
- }
- '
复制代码 获取指定block简直认状态
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
- "method": "getBlockCommitment",
- "params":[174302734]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"commitment":null,"totalStake":158091345604635247},"id":1}
复制代码 一次性获取多个Block的信息
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
- "method": "getBlocks",
- "params": [
- 174302734, 174302735
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[174302734,174302735],"id":1}
复制代码 分页获取Block
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id":1,
- "method":"getBlocksWithLimit",
- "params":[174302734, 3]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[174302734,174302735,174302736],"id":1}
复制代码 Slot和Epoch相干接口
获取当前Epoch信息
epoch在一样平常POS中比力常见,表示这个周期内,一些参与验证的节点信息是固定的,如果有新 节点或者节点权重变动,将在下一个epoch中见效。
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getEpochInfo"}
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"absoluteSlot":280331471,"blockHeight":268627796,"epoch":648,"slotIndex":395471,"slotsInEpoch":432000,"transactionCount":13011134475},"id":1}
复制代码 获取Epoch的调度信息
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
- "method":"getEpochSchedule"
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"firstNormalEpoch":0,"firstNormalSlot":0,"leaderScheduleSlotOffset":432000,"slotsPerEpoch":432000,"warmup":false},"id":1}
复制代码 获取最新Slot
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlot"}
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":280333661,"id":1}
复制代码 账号相干接口
获取Account信息
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "getAccountInfo",
- "params": [
- "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
- {
- "encoding": "base58",
- "commitment": "finalized"
- }
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280334128},"value":{"data":["","base58"],"executable":false,"lamports":1984429840,"owner":"11111111111111111111111111111111","rentEpoch":18446744073709551615,"space":0}},"id":1}
复制代码 "executable"表示 是否为可执行合约
"lamports"表示余额,这里精度*10^9
所有普通账号的Owner都是系统根账号: "11111111111111111111111111111111"
获取账号余额
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
- "method": "getBalance",
- "params": [
- "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD"
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280334989},"value":1984429840},"id":1}
复制代码 获取某个合约管理的所有Account
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "getProgramAccounts",
- "params": [
- "namesLPneVptA9Z5rqUDD9tMTWEJwofgaYwp8cawRkX",
- {
- "encoding": "jsonParsed",
- "filters": [
- {
- "dataSize": 128
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- }
- '
复制代码 SPL-Token相干接口
获取某个Token Account账号的余额
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
- "method": "getTokenAccountBalance",
- "params": [
- "HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh"
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280346391},"value":{"amount":"90000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":90.0,"uiAmountString":"90"}},"id":1}
复制代码 生意业务相干接口
返回分类账中的当前生意业务计数
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTransactionCount"}
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":13011550533,"id":1}
复制代码 返回已确认生意业务的生意业务具体信息
- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "getTransaction",
- "params": [
- "4jbcoJYS6ZGPcUmHpqTnxeLHfQxvUqQQnzgoJCgWWA1LpKkKWRA5y2FZ7rDQ2v4NBBcuUJqh37A9p92mvbTmS6iY",
- "json"
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"blockTime":1708498774,"meta":{"computeUnitsConsumed":26670,"err":null,"fee":5000,"innerInstructions":[{"index":0,"instructions":[{"accounts":[6],"data":"84eT","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":2},{"accounts":[0,2],"data":"11119os1e9qSs2u7TsThXqkBSRVFxhmYaFKFZ1waB2X7armDmvK3p5GmLdUxYdg3h7QSrL","programIdIndex":3,"stackHeight":2},{"accounts":[2],"data":"P","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":2},{"accounts":[2,6],"data":"6dE9a3kQ4bw3BRvx61TGMGrZBgsnwYEPx2MMEsN75K3Ui","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":2}]}],"loadedAddresses":{"readonly":[],"writable":[]},"logMessages":["Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL invoke [1]","Program log: CreateIdempotent","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [2]","Program log: Instruction: GetAccountDataSize","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 1595 of 394517 compute units","Program return: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA pQAAAAAAAAA=","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success","Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]","Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success","Program log: Initialize the associated token account","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [2]","Program log: Instruction: InitializeImmutableOwner","Program log: Please upgrade to SPL Token 2022 for immutable owner support","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 1405 of 387904 compute units","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [2]","Program log: Instruction: InitializeAccount3","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 4214 of 384020 compute units","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success","Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL consumed 20498 of 400000 compute units","Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL success","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [1]","Program log: Instruction: TransferChecked","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 6172 of 379502 compute units","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success"],"postBalances":[1984429840,2039280,2039280,1,934087680,731913600,1461600,10000000],"postTokenBalances":[{"accountIndex":1,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","programId":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","uiTokenAmount":{"amount":"90000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":90.0,"uiAmountString":"90"}},{"accountIndex":2,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k","programId":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","uiTokenAmount":{"amount":"10000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":10.0,"uiAmountString":"10"}}],"preBalances":[1986474120,2039280,0,1,934087680,731913600,1461600,10000000],"preTokenBalances":[{"accountIndex":1,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","programId":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","uiTokenAmount":{"amount":"100000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":100.0,"uiAmountString":"100"}}],"rewards":[],"status":{"Ok":null}},"slot":280114248,"transaction":{"message":{"accountKeys":["6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh","HY1GfCQabyUMFRGpDu3eFoVW3ny8ifHKVZ8LbvzbDPsK","11111111111111111111111111111111","TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL","E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k"],"header":{"numReadonlySignedAccounts":0,"numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts":5,"numRequiredSignatures":1},"instructions":[{"accounts":[0,2,7,6,3,4],"data":"2","programIdIndex":5,"stackHeight":null},{"accounts":[1,6,2,0],"data":"g7c6qhYoikLGp","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":null}],"recentBlockhash":"4Y34ks76nadvQXmcbFAX1XmkegHHsQMA1sM4cA3CqYL9"},"signatures":["4jbcoJYS6ZGPcUmHpqTnxeLHfQxvUqQQnzgoJCgWWA1LpKkKWRA5y2FZ7rDQ2v4NBBcuUJqh37A9p92mvbTmS6iY"]}},"id":1}
复制代码 推送RPC
- accountSubscribe : 订阅Account的变革,比如lamports
- logsSubscribe : 订阅生意业务的日志
- programSubscribe : 订阅合约Account的变革
- signatureSubscribe : 订阅签名状态变革
- slotSubscribe : 订阅slot的变革
每个变乱,还有对应的Unsubscribe动作,取消订阅。将上面的Subscribe替换成Unsubscribe即可。
安装wscat建立连接- wscat -c wss://api.devnet.solana.com
复制代码 订阅合约所属于Account变乱
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "programSubscribe",
- "params": [
- "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",
- {
- "encoding": "jsonParsed"
- }
- ]
- }
复制代码
练习
通过curl和wscat命令行来模仿一个监视钱包动作
创建账号
- SOL账号: 6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD
- SPL-Token(Mint Account): E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx
- Token Account: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh
实时展示余额变革(订阅SOL余额变革)
获取1sol
- solana airdrop 1
- Requesting airdrop of 1 SOL
- Signature: 4ZWQHwNYVWcs6THZ5A3C6ccHfovJi3HVgZ55LV8NAcZA95iLjyX9Ey6cUnGV7T4JnZnv97443kQ94pKkDG4x7K7Y
- 2.98442984 SOL
复制代码 订阅Account变革
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "accountSubscribe",
- "params": [
- "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
- {
- "encoding": "jsonParsed",
- "commitment": "finalized"
- }
- ]
- }
复制代码
列出已知SPL-Token的余额
- spl-token balance E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx
- 90
复制代码 获取SPL-Token下有多少 Token Account:- curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "getTokenAccountsByOwner",
- "params": [
- "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
- {
- "mint": "E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx"
- },
- {
- "encoding": "jsonParsed"
- }
- ]
- }
- '
- {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280355742},"value":[{"account":{"data":{"parsed":{"info":{"isNative":false,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","state":"initialized","tokenAmount":{"amount":"90000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":90.0,"uiAmountString":"90"}},"type":"account"},"program":"spl-token","space":165},"executable":false,"lamports":2039280,"owner":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","rentEpoch":18446744073709551615,"space":165},"pubkey":"HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh"}]},"id":1}
复制代码 实时展示SPL-Token余额变革
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "id": 1,
- "method": "accountSubscribe",
- "params": [
- "HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh",
- {
- "encoding": "jsonParsed",
- "commitment": "finalized"
- }
- ]
- }
复制代码 转账生意业务
- spl-token transfer --fund-recipient E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx 1 H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
- Transfer 1 tokens
- Sender: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh
- Recipient: H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
- Recipient associated token account: HY1GfCQabyUMFRGpDu3eFoVW3ny8ifHKVZ8LbvzbDPsK
- Signature: 4WeFPgn7VGbXVqgmtspeKYm38PE9NqxjFfXxZg9QAiy8f5Um7Q3n8hWgiGnzV3SBXdQ7SHGVF22X2pTxpQbwTwGU
- spl-token transfer --fund-recipient E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx 1 H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
- Transfer 1 tokens
- Sender: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh
- Recipient: H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
- Recipient associated token account: HY1GfCQabyUMFRGpDu3eFoVW3ny8ifHKVZ8LbvzbDPsK
- Signature: 5gamUZFLAiXraD3DCQ9XEyaqodDX6iQuvLqapyeLokbdot4HAQEqUvBndXgr1uXa6owcR5YaG7BT5i5d6bEQUMwv
复制代码 注意:转账2次,第一次监听连接断开故没有监控到。
查询余额
- spl-token balance E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx
- 88
复制代码 websocket 监控收到
- {
- "jsonrpc": "2.0",
- "method": "accountNotification",
- "params": {
- "result": {
- "context": {
- "slot": 280357854
- },
- "value": {
- "lamports": 2039280,
- "data": {
- "program": "spl-token",
- "parsed": {
- "info": {
- "isNative": false,
- "mint": "E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx",
- "owner": "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
- "state": "initialized",
- "tokenAmount": {
- "amount": "88000000000",
- "decimals": 9,
- "uiAmount": 88,
- "uiAmountString": "88"
- }
- },
- "type": "account"
- },
- "space": 165
- },
- "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",
- "executable": false,
- "rentEpoch": 18446744073709552000,
- "space": 165
- }
- },
- "subscription": 601464
- }
- }
复制代码
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