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SAP MM 使用两个STO实现免关税跨国公司间转储
SAP项目实践中常常会有这样的场景：某个集团公司在多个国家有工厂和分销中心。制造工厂一般在发展中国家，分销中心设立在欧美国家。制造工厂把生产好的成品发往欧美的分销中心，然后由分销中心销售给最终客户。这在SAP系统上就是典型公司间STO。由于该流程涉及到不同国家的进出口，为了避免缴纳高额的关税，就在SAP系统上将货物先发往一个零关税的中转站，然后再由中转站发到目标分销中心。当然了，物理上，货物是直接从制造工厂所在国家发往分销中心所在的国家。
在项目实践中，在这个流程里可以选用的中转站，可以是香港，新加坡，美国以及印度。在这四个国家设立虚拟工厂，方便在SAP系统上做中转从而实现合法的避税，笔者在过去的项目实践中都有遇到过。
在这个流程中涉及到三个plant code，分属于不同的公司代码，其中就包括作为中转的虚拟工厂。整个流程主要包括的步骤如下：
Step
| Tcode
| Content
| 1
| ME21N
| Create 1st STO
| 2
| VL10B
| Create 1st Outbound Delivery based on 1st STO
| 3
| VL02N
| Pick/Pack for 1st Outbound Delivery
| 4
| VL02N
| Post Goods Issue for 1st Outbound delivery, automatically trigger 1st inbound delivery
| 5
| VF01
| Create billing based on 1st Outbound delivery, generate IV for 1st STO.
| 6
| MIGO/VL33N
| Post Goods Receipt for the 1st Inbound Delivery.
| 7
| ME21N
| Create 2nd STO
| 8
| VL10B
| Create 2nd Outbound Delivery based on 2nd STO
| 9
| VL02N
| Pick/Pack for 2nd Outbound Delivery
| 10
| VL02N
| Post Goods Issue for 2nd Outbound delivery, automatically trigger 2nd inbound delivery
| 11
| VF01
| Create billing based on 2nd Outbound delivery, generate IV for 2nd STO.
| 12
| MIGO/VL33N
| Post Goods Receipt for the 2nd Inbound Delivery.
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当然在项目实践中，上述步骤很多可以是自动化完成的，尤其是第二个STO单据的相关步骤。
笔者经历过的一个SAP项目里，对于这种通过两个STO的方式来实现免关税跨国公司间转储流程，通过高度的自动化技术，让系统自动完成了其中的绝大部分步骤，这有利的减轻了业务人员手工操作的工作量。
Step
| Tcode
| Content
| By manual/ automation
| Memo
| 1
| ME21N
| Create 1st STO
| By manual
|
| 2
| VL10B
| Create 1st Outbound Delivery based on 1st STO
| By manual
|
| 3
| VL02N
| Pick/Pack for 1st Outbound Delivery
| By manual
|
| 4
| VL02N
| Post Goods Issue for 1st Outbound delivery, automatically trigger 1st inbound delivery
| By manual
|
| 5
| VF01
| Create billing based on 1st Outbound delivery, generate IV for 1st STO.
| Automation
| Background job.
| 6
| MIGO/VL33N
| Post Goods Receipt for the 1st Inbound Delivery.
| Automation
| Background job.
| 7
| ME21N
| Create 2nd STO
| Automation
| The output of 1st STO triggered 2nd STO.
| 8
| VL10B
| Create 2nd Outbound Delivery based on 2nd STO
| Automation
| Background job.
| 9
| VL02N
| Pick/Pack for 2nd Outbound Delivery
| Automation
| Background job.
| 10
| VL02N
| Post Goods Issue for 2nd Outbound delivery, automatically trigger 2nd inbound delivery
| Automation
| Background job.
| 11
| VF01
| Create billing based on 2nd Outbound delivery, generate IV for 2nd STO.
| Automation
| Background job.
| 12
| MIGO/VL33N
| Post Goods Receipt for the 2nd Inbound Delivery.
| By manual
|
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-完-
写于2022-11-30.
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