前面两篇文章我们分别总结了Android四种Service的根本使用以及源码层面总结一下startService的执行过程,本篇继续从源码层面总结bindService的执行过程。
本文依然按着是什么?有什么?怎么用?啥原理?的步骤来分析。
bindService使用方法和调用流程都与startService时有很多相似之处,方便的话请先阅读上一篇《睁开说说:Android服务之startService解析》。
调用bindService()来创建,调用方可以通过一个IBinder接口和service举行通信,需要通过ServiceConnection建立毗连。多用于有交互的场景。
只能调用方通过unbindService()方法来断开毗连。调用方可以和Service通讯,并且一个service可以同时和多个调用方存在绑定关系,解除绑定也需要全部调用全部解除绑定之后系统才会烧毁service。
2、有什么
Service和Activity一样也有自己的生命周期,也需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册。另外bindService的使用比startService要复杂一些:第一需要中创建一个Binder子类并定义方法来给使用者调用在onBind方法中返回它的实例;第二使用者需要创建ServiceConnection对象,并在onServiceConnected回调方法调用Binder子类中定义方法。
2.1 在AndroidManifest.xml中注册
和startService注册流程一样:
<service android:name="com.example.testdemo.service.ServiceJia" />
2.2 bindService时Service的生命周期
与startService时执行的生命周期有些不同。
onCreate
它只在Service刚被创建的时候被调用,Service在运行中,这个方法将不会被调用。也就是只有经历过onDestroy生命周期以后再次。
onBind
当另一个组件调用 bindService()想要与Service绑定(例如执行 RPC)时执行,在此方法的实现中,必须通过返回 IBinder 提供一个接口,供客户端用来与服务通信。您必须始终实现此方法;但是,如果您不想答应绑定,则应返回 null。这个方法默认时返回null。
onUnbind
调用方调用 unbindService() 来解除Service绑定时执行。
onDestroy
全部绑定到Service的调用方都解绑以后,则系统会烧毁该服务。
onRebind
当Service中的onUnbind方法返回true,并且Service调用unbindService之后并没有烧毁,此时重新绑定时将会触发onRebind。Service执行过onBind又onUnbind返回true并且还没执行onDestroy,等再次bindService就会执行它。
日志打印
bindService
2024-12-01 11:19:14.434 30802-30802/com.example.testdemo3 E/com.example.testdemo3.service.ServiceJia: onCreate:
2023-12-01 11:19:14.436 30802-30802/com.example.testdemo3 E/com.example.testdemo3.activity.ServiceActivity: onServiceConnected:
2023-12-01 11:19:14.436 30802-30802/com.example.testdemo3 E/com.example.testdemo3.service.ServiceJia: JiaBinder --doSomething: start conncetion //这里不是生命周期,是binder对象调用binder内方法的打印,证明完成交互
unbindService
2023-12-01 11:21:10.705 12765-12765/com.example.testdemo3 E/com.example.testdemo3.service.ServiceJia: onUnbind:
2023-12-01 11:21:10.705 12765-12765/com.example.testdemo3 E/com.example.testdemo3.service.ServiceJia: onDestroy:
因为是有交互的嘛,因此肯定比那些启动以后就成了甩手掌柜的startService使用稍微负责一些,第一需要中创建一个Binder子类并定义方法来给使用者调用在onBind方法中返回它的实例;第二使用者需要创建ServiceConnection对象,并在onServiceConnected回调方法调用Binder子类中定义方法。
详细可以参考前面的《睁开说说:Android四大组件之Service使用》已经总结了使用方法,这里不在赘述。
bindService调用流程都与startService时有很多相似之处,方便的话请先阅读上一篇《睁开说说:Android服务之startService解析》。
bindService的启动方法是调用
- Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(ServiceActivity.this, ServiceJia.class);
- bindService(serviceIntent,serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
复制代码然后我们顺着bindService方法开始解析源码,Go :
4.1 从ContexWrapper的bindService开始,同startService:
- @Override
- public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
- int flags) {
- return mBase.bindService(service, conn, flags);
- }
复制代码 4.2 ContextImpl类bindService
mBase的类型是Context,但现实代码逻辑是在它的实现类ContextImpl类。
- @Override
- public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags) {
- warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
- return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, null, mMainThread.getHandler(), null,
- getUser());
- }
- private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags,
- String instanceName, Handler handler, Executor executor, UserHandle user) {
- // Keep this in sync with DevicePolicyManager.bindDeviceAdminServiceAsUser.
- IServiceConnection sd;
- if (conn == null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
- }
- if (handler != null && executor != null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Handler and Executor both supplied");
- }
- if (mPackageInfo != null) {
- if (executor != null) {
- sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), executor, flags);
- } else {
- sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);
- }
- } else {
- throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
- }
- validateServiceIntent(service);
- try {
- IBinder token = getActivityToken();
- if (token == null && (flags&BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null
- && mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
- < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
- flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
- }
- service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
- int res = ActivityManager.getService().bindIsolatedService(
- mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
- service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
- sd, flags, instanceName, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
- if (res < 0) {
- throw new SecurityException(
- "Not allowed to bind to service " + service);
- }
- return res != 0;
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
- }
- }
复制代码bindService调用bindServiceCommon方法。将ServiceConnection 转为Binder的实现类IServiceConnection方便跨历程的长途服务的回调自己定义的方法。
4.3 来到LoadedApk
final @NonNull LoadedApk mPackageInfo;
因此来到LoadedApk 检察getServiceDispatcher方法:
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
- Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
- return getServiceDispatcherCommon(c, context, handler, null, flags);
- }
- private IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcherCommon(ServiceConnection c,
- Context context, Handler handler, Executor executor, int flags) {
- synchronized (mServices) {
- LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
- ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);
- if (map != null) {
- if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "Returning existing dispatcher " + sd + " for conn " + c);
- sd = map.get(c);
- }
- if (sd == null) {
- if (executor != null) {
- sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, executor, flags);
- } else {
- sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);
- }
- if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "Creating new dispatcher " + sd + " for conn " + c);
- if (map == null) {
- map = new ArrayMap<>();
- mServices.put(context, map);
- }
- map.put(c, sd);
- } else {
- sd.validate(context, handler, executor);
- }
- return sd.getIServiceConnection();
- }
- }
复制代码private final ArrayMap<Context, ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>> mServices
= new ArrayMap<>();
mServices记载了应用当前运动的ServiceConnection和ServiceDispatcher的映射关系,不知是否记得ActivityThread中也有一个final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>(); 记载了IBinder,和Service的映射关系。
继续说LoadedApk中的service哈,上面代码会判定是否存在相同的ServiceConnection,如果不存在就创建新ServiceDispatcher实例并将其存储在mService中,key时ServiceConnection,value为ServiceDispatcher,ServiceDispatcher内部存储了ServiceConnection和InnerConnection对象。在调用bindService以后Service和调用方成功建立毗连时系统会通过InnerConnection调用ServiceConnection中的onServiceConnected方法,此时我们就可以使用传过来的IBinder调用Service中的方法完成交互了。这个过程支持跨历程IPC通信,好比两个历程使用AIDL通信。
4.4 ContextImpl类bindService的bindIsolatedService
返回头看上面4.2中的bindService方法,继续向下看会调用ActivityManagerService的bindIsolatedService方法:
- synchronized(this) {
- return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
- resolvedType, connection, flags, instanceName, callingPackage, userId);
- }
复制代码 4.5 来到ActiveService类的bindServiceLocked
继续调用本类的bringUpServiceLocked:
bringUpServiceLocked(serviceRecord,
serviceIntent.getFlags(),
callerFg, false, false);
在调用本类realStartServiceLocked:
realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);
一样平常来说源码中当一个方法多次穿梭调用之后突然带上了real,那一定是离真相不远了。
app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackage(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
app.getReportedProcState());
这一行就很熟悉了,和上一篇startService一样,调用的ApplicationThread来创建Service实例并调用它的onCreate生命周期。
上一篇分析这个方法之下是调用onStartCommand生命周期
,没错这里也不例外下面requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg)也会去调用ApplicationThread的scheduleBindService:
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
r.app.getReportedProcState());
4.6来到ApplicationThread
使用它封装的handler发送BIND_SERVICE消息:
- public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
- boolean rebind, int processState) {
- updateProcessState(processState, false);
- BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
- s.token = token;
- s.intent = intent;
- s.rebind = rebind;
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
- Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
- + Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
- sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);
- }
复制代码接收消息:
- case BIND_SERVICE:
- Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
- handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
- Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
- break;
复制代码关键来咯:
- private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
- Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
- Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);
- if (s != null) {
- try {
- data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
- data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
- try {
- if (!data.rebind) {
- IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
- ActivityManager.getService().publishService(
- data.token, data.intent, binder);
- } else {
- s.onRebind(data.intent);
- ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
- data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
- }
- } catch (RemoteException ex) {
- throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {
- throw new RuntimeException(
- "Unable to bind to service " + s
- + " with " + data.intent + ": " + e.toString(), e);
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码上面代码显示根据token获取Service对象,然后判定首次绑定就调用onBind生命周期,已经绑定过就调用onReBind生命周期,返回的IBinder对象就可以用来调用Service中的方法了。但是为了让调用方拿到这个IBinder就同过onServiceConnected方法回调回去,这个工作就有ActivityManagerService的publishService方法来完成。
4.6 来到ActivityManagerService
- public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
- // Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
- if (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
- }
- synchronized(this) {
- if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");
- }
- mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
- }
- }
复制代码然后它有调用了ActiveService的publishServiceLocked方法来处置惩罚:
- void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
- final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- try {
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "PUBLISHING " + r
- + " " + intent + ": " + service);
- if (r != null) {
- Intent.FilterComparison filter
- = new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);
- IntentBindRecord b = r.bindings.get(filter);
- if (b != null && !b.received) {
- b.binder = service;
- b.requested = true;
- b.received = true;
- ArrayMap<IBinder, ArrayList<ConnectionRecord>> connections = r.getConnections();
- for (int conni = connections.size() - 1; conni >= 0; conni--) {
- ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = connections.valueAt(conni);
- for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
- ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);
- if (!filter.equals(c.binding.intent.intent)) {
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
- TAG_SERVICE, "Not publishing to: " + c);
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
- TAG_SERVICE, "Bound intent: " + c.binding.intent.intent);
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
- TAG_SERVICE, "Published intent: " + intent);
- continue;
- }
- if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Publishing to: " + c);
- try {
- c.conn.connected(r.name, service, false);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Slog.w(TAG, "Failure sending service " + r.shortInstanceName
- + " to connection " + c.conn.asBinder()
- + " (in " + c.binding.client.processName + ")", e);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
- }
- } finally {
- Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
- }
- }
复制代码
它在for循环里调用一行代码:
c.conn.connected(r.name, service, false);
顺着代码看:
Conn的类型是是在ConnectionRecord类定义的IServiceConnection:
final IServiceConnection conn; // The client connection.
Service就是建立毗连的Ibinder实例。
4.7再次来到LoadedApk类
看一下IServiceConnection类connected方法:
- private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
- InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
- mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
- }
- public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead)
- throws RemoteException {
- LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
- if (sd != null) {
- sd.connected(name, service, dead);
- }
- }
- }
复制代码而它又调用了ActivityThread类,mActivityThread就是此中Handler子类 H ,这一步就是为了使用Handler在主线程回调给调用方的onServiceConnected:
- public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead) {
- if (mActivityExecutor != null) {
- mActivityExecutor.execute(new RunConnection(name, service, 0, dead));
- } else if (mActivityThread != null) {
- mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0, dead));
- } else {
- doConnected(name, service, dead);
- }
- }
复制代码RunConnection 的实现:
- private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {
- RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command, boolean dead) {
- mName = name;
- mService = service;
- mCommand = command;
- mDead = dead;
- }
- public void run() {
- if (mCommand == 0) {
- doConnected(mName, mService, mDead);
- } else if (mCommand == 1) {
- doDeath(mName, mService);
- }
- }
- final ComponentName mName;
- final IBinder mService;
- final int mCommand;
- final boolean mDead;
- }
复制代码
回调onServiceConnected,彻底呼应上了:
- public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead) {
- ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo old;
- ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo info;
- synchronized (this) {
- if (mForgotten) {
- // We unbound before receiving the connection; ignore
- // any connection received.
- return;
- }
- old = mActiveConnections.get(name);
- if (old != null && old.binder == service) {
- // Huh, already have this one. Oh well!
- return;
- }
- if (service != null) {
- // A new service is being connected... set it all up.
- info = new ConnectionInfo();
- info.binder = service;
- info.deathMonitor = new DeathMonitor(name, service);
- try {
- service.linkToDeath(info.deathMonitor, 0);
- mActiveConnections.put(name, info);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- // This service was dead before we got it... just
- // don't do anything with it.
- mActiveConnections.remove(name);
- return;
- }
- } else {
- // The named service is being disconnected... clean up.
- mActiveConnections.remove(name);
- }
- if (old != null) {
- old.binder.unlinkToDeath(old.deathMonitor, 0);
- }
- }
- // If there was an old service, it is now disconnected.
- if (old != null) {
- mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);
- }
- if (dead) {
- mConnection.onBindingDied(name);
- }
- // If there is a new viable service, it is now connected.
- if (service != null) {
- mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);
- } else {
- // The binding machinery worked, but the remote returned null from onBind().
- mConnection.onNullBinding(name);
- }
- }
复制代码
至此bindService的绑定流程分析完毕!
才疏学浅,如有错误,欢迎指正,多谢。
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