Docker容器创建时，无法访问镜像源：Could not connect to archive.ubuntu. ...

1.问题描述

当基于dockerfile创建容器时，遇到Could not connect to ...、Failed to fetch ...等异常时，大概缘故原由是没有设置好容器创建所需的镜像源。这里以Ubuntu基础镜像源为例。

• dockerfile内容
  

1. FROM ubuntu
2. RUN apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y
3. CMD ["bash"]

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• dockerfile实行与异常提示
  

1. $ docker build -f data/dockerfiles --tag my_test
3. Get:1 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
4. Get:2 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [128 kB]
5. Get:3 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [128 kB]
6. 此处省略......
7. Ign:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease
8. Ign:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease
9. Ign:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease
10. 此处省略......
11.   Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.83), connection timed out
12. Err:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease
13.   Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
14. 此处省略......
15. W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble/InRelease  Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.83), connection timed out
16. W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble-updates/InRelease  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
17. W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble-backports/InRelease  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
18. 此处省略......

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2.办理方案

本质上，是必要修改基于镜像文件创建的容器中的/etc/apt/sources.list文件，将该文件中的镜像源从官方源换成国内源。这里以Ubuntu基础镜像源为例，有如下两种可选方案实施。
2.1.从dockerfile添加命令修改（主动化、简单）

打开dockerfile，在FROM ...命令后添加镜像源修改命令即可，如下：

1. FROM ubuntu
2. # 镜像源修改命令
3. RUN sed -i "s@http://.*archive.ubuntu.com@http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
4. RUN sed -i "s@http://.*security.ubuntu.com@http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
5. # 容器软件安装命令
6. RUN apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y
7. CMD ["bash"]

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添加镜像源修改命令后，再次实行容器构建命令docker build -f data/dockerfiles --tag my_test，即可快速完成容器构建。
2.2.从创建启动的基础镜像容器修改（略微繁琐）

• （1）创建启动基础镜像的容器
  
  1. $ docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash

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• （2）进入容器命令行，然后手动修改sources.list文件
  
  1. $ vim /etc/apt/sources.list
  3. # 官方sources.list文件内容
  4. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  5. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  6. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
  7. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
  8. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
  9. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
  10. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
  11. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
  12. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
  13. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
  14. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
  15. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
  16. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  17. deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  18. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
  19. deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
  20. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
  21. deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
  22. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
  23. deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse

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  将上述官方sources.list文件内容修改为如下：
  
  1. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
  2. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
  3. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
  4. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
  5. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic universe
  6. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic universe
  7. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
  8. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
  9. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
  10. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
  11. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
  12. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
  13. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  14. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  15. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
  16. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
  17. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
  18. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
  19. deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
  20. deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

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  注意，重要事变说3遍：
  该步调肯定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部实行！！！
  该步调肯定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部实行！！！
  该步调肯定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部实行！！！
  
• （3）在当前容器中，手动安装dockerfile中列出的其他软件包
  
  1. apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y

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