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1.日期函数
MySQL中内置了一下函数:
函数名称形貌current_date()当前日期current_time()当前时间current_timestamp()当前时间戳date(datetime)返回datetime参数的日期部分date_add(date,interval d_value_type)在date中添加日期或时间,interval后的数值单元可以是year minute second daydate_sub(date,interval d_value_type)在date中减去日期或时间,interval后的数值单元可以是year minute second daydatediff(date1,date2)两个日期的差,单元是天now()当前日期时间 得到年月日
- mysql> select current_date();
- +----------------+
- | current_date() |
- +----------------+
- | 2023-11-11 |
- +----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 得到时分秒
- mysql> select current_time();
- +----------------+
- | current_time() |
- +----------------+
- | 15:46:47 |
- +----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 得到时间戳
- mysql> select current_timestamp();
- +---------------------+
- | current_timestamp() |
- +---------------------+
- | 2023-11-11 15:47:19 |
- +---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 在日期的底子上加日期
- mysql> select date_add('2023-11-11',interval 10 day);
- +----------------------------------------+
- | date_add('2023-11-11',interval 10 day) |
- +----------------------------------------+
- | 2023-11-21 |
- +----------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码 在日期的底子上减去时间
- mysql> select date_sub('2023-11-11',interval 10 day);
- +----------------------------------------+
- | date_sub('2023-11-11',interval 10 day) |
- +----------------------------------------+
- | 2023-11-01 |
- +----------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 计算两个日期之间相差多少天
- mysql> select datediff('2023-11-11','2023-10-21');
- +-------------------------------------+
- | datediff('2023-11-11','2023-10-21') |
- +-------------------------------------+
- | 21 |
- +-------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码 创建一个留言表
- mysql> create table messsage(
- -> id int primary key auto_increment,
- -> content varchar(32) not null,
- -> sendtime datetime
- -> );
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
复制代码 插入数据
- mysql> insert into message(content,sendtime) values('hello world',now());
- mysql> insert into message(content,sendtime) values('hello world',now());
- mysql> select * from message;
- +----+-------------+---------------------+
- | id | content | sendtime |
- +----+-------------+---------------------+
- | 3 | hello world | 2023-11-11 16:03:38 |
- | 4 | hello world | 2023-11-11 16:03:48 |
- +----+-------------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 请查询在2分钟内发布的帖子
- mysql> select * from message where date_add(sendtime ,interval 2 minute) > now();
- +----+-------------+---------------------+
- | id | content | sendtime |
- +----+-------------+---------------------+
- | 3 | hello world | 2023-11-11 16:03:38 |
- | 4 | hello world | 2023-11-11 16:03:48 |
- +----+-------------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- ------------------------------|-----------|-------------|------------------
- 初始时间 now() 初始时间+2min
复制代码 2.字符串函数
函数名称形貌charset(str)返回字符串字符集concat(string2 [,…])毗连字符串instr(string,substring)返回substring在string中出现的位置,没有返回0ucase(string2)转换成大写lcase(string2)转换成小写left(string2,length)从string2中的左边取length个字符right(string2,length)从string2中的右边取length个字符length(string)string的长度replace(str, search_str, replace_str)在str中用replace_str 替换search_strstrcmp(string1, string2)逐字符比力两个字符串巨细substring(str, position [,length])从str的postion开始,取length个字符ltrim(string) rtrim(string) trim(string)去除前空格或后空格 获取emp表的ename列的字符集
- select charset(ename) from emp;
复制代码 要求显示exam_result表中的信息,显示格式:“XXX的语文是XXX分,数学XXX分,英语XXX分”
- select concat(name, '的语文是',chinese,'分,数学是',math,'分') as '分数' from student;
复制代码 求学生表中学生姓名占用的字节数
- select length(name), name from student;
复制代码 留意:length函数返回字符串长度,以字节为单元。如果是多字节字符则计算多个字节数;如果是单字节字符则算作一个字节。好比:字母,数字算作一个字节,中文表示多个字节数(与字符集编码有关)
将emp表中全部名字中有S的替换成’上海’
- select replace(ename, 'S', '上海') ,ename from emp;
复制代码 截取emp表中ename字段的第二个到第三个字符
- select substring(ename, 2, 2), ename from emp;
复制代码 以首字母小写的方式显示全部员工的姓名
- select concat(lcase(substring(ename,1,1)),substring(ename,2)) from emp;
复制代码 3.数学函数
函数名称形貌abs(number)绝对值bin(decimal_number)十进制转换二进制hex(decimalNumber)转换成十六进制conv(number,from_base,to_base)进制转换ceiling(number)向上取整floor(number)向下取整format(number,decimal_places)格式化,保存小数位数rand()返回随机浮点数,范围[0.0,1.0)mod(number,denominator)取模,求余 绝对值
- select abs(-100.2);
- mysql> select abs(-100.2);
- +-------------+
- | abs(-100.2) |
- +-------------+
- | 100.2 |
- +-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 向上取整
- mysql> select ceiling(3.1);
- +--------------+
- | ceiling(3.1) |
- +--------------+
- | 4 |
- +--------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select ceiling(3.9);
- +--------------+
- | ceiling(3.9) |
- +--------------+
- | 4 |
- +--------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select ceiling(-3.1);
- +---------------+
- | ceiling(-3.1) |
- +---------------+
- | -3 |
- +---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select ceiling(-3.9);
- +---------------+
- | ceiling(-3.9) |
- +---------------+
- | -3 |
- +---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec
复制代码 向下取整
- mysql> select floor(3.1);
- +------------+
- | floor(3.1) |
- +------------+
- | 3 |
- +------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select floor(3.9);
- +------------+
- | floor(3.9) |
- +------------+
- | 3 |
- +------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select floor(-3.1);
- +-------------+
- | floor(-3.1) |
- +-------------+
- | -4 |
- +-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select floor(-3.9);
- +-------------+
- | floor(-3.9) |
- +-------------+
- | -4 |
- +-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 保存2位小数位数(小数四舍五入)
- mysql> select format(12.345,2);
- +------------------+
- | format(12.345,2) |
- +------------------+
- | 12.35 |
- +------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select format(99.99,2);
- +-----------------+
- | format(99.99,2) |
- +-----------------+
- | 99.99 |
- +-----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select format(99.999,2);
- +------------------+
- | format(99.999,2) |
- +------------------+
- | 100.00 |
- +------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select format(-12.223,2);
- +-------------------+
- | format(-12.223,2) |
- +-------------------+
- | -12.22 |
- +-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select format(-12.227,2);
- +-------------------+
- | format(-12.227,2) |
- +-------------------+
- | -12.23 |
- +-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 产生随机数
- mysql> select rand();
- +--------------------+
- | rand() |
- +--------------------+
- | 0.5963675860281732 |
- +--------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select rand()*10;
- +--------------------+
- | rand()*10 |
- +--------------------+
- | 3.1565381243420187 |
- +--------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 4.其它函数
- select user();
- mysql> select user();
- +----------------+
- | user() |
- +----------------+
- | root@localhost |
- +----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
- select database();
- mysql> select database();
- +------------+
- | database() |
- +------------+
- | scott |
- +------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
- md5(str)对一个字符串举行md5摘要,摘要后得到一个32位字符串
- select md5('admin');
- mysql> select md5('admin');
- +----------------------------------+
- | md5('admin') |
- +----------------------------------+
- | 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3 |
- +----------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
- password()函数,MySQL数据库使用该函数对用户加密
- select password('root');
- mysql> select password('root');
- +-------------------------------------------+
- | password('root') |
- +-------------------------------------------+
- | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
- +-------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
复制代码
- ifnull(val1, val2) 如果val1为null,返回val2,否则返回val1的值
- mysql> select ifnull('abc',null);
- +--------------------+
- | ifnull('abc',null) |
- +--------------------+
- | abc |
- +--------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select ifnull(null, '123');
- +---------------------+
- | ifnull(null, '123') |
- +---------------------+
- | 123 |
- +---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select ifnull('abc', '123');
- +----------------------+
- | ifnull('abc', '123') |
- +----------------------+
- | abc |
- +----------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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