15、Spring之基于xml的声明式事务

商道如狼道  金牌会员 | 2023-9-4 08:21:09 | 显示全部楼层 | 阅读模式
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阅读本文前，建议先阅读Spring之基于注解的声明式事务
15.1、环境搭建

创建名为spring_transaction_xml的新module，过程参考13.1节
15.1.1、配置打包方式和依赖


注意：比起基于注解的声明式事务，基于xml的声明式事务还需要额外引入spring-AOP的依赖
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.    
  4.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan> xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  5.    
  6.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan> xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  7.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  9.     <groupId>org.rain</groupId>
  10.     <artifactId>spring_transaction_xml</artifactId>
  11.     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  12.     <packaging>jar</packaging>
  14.     <dependencies>
  16.    
  17.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  18.    
  19.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  20.    
  21.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  22.    
  23.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
  24.    
  25.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
  26.    
  27.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  29.    
  30.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  31.    
  32.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  33.    
  34.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  35.    
  36.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  37.    
  38.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  39.    
  40.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
  41.    
  42.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
  43.    
  44.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  46.    
  47.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  48.    
  49.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  50.    
  51.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  52.    
  53.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
  54.    
  55.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
  56.    
  57.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  59.    
  60.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  61.    
  62.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  63.    
  64.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  65.    
  66.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
  67.    
  68.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
  69.    
  70.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  72.    
  73.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  74.    
  75.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  76.    
  77.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>junit</groupId>
  78.    
  79.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  80.    
  81.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>4.12</version>
  82.    
  83.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <scope>test</scope>
  84.    
  85.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  87.    
  88.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  89.    
  90.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  91.    
  92.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  93.    
  94.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  95.    
  96.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.1.49</version>
  97.    
  98.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  100.    
  101.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  102.    
  103.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
  104.    
  105.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  106.    
  107.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
  108.    
  109.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>1.0.31</version>
  110.    
  111.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
  112.     </dependencies>
  114. </project>
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15.1.2、创建jdbc.properties文件

  1. jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
  2. jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?characterEncoding=utf-8
  3. jdbc.username=root
  4. jdbc.password=root
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15.1.3、创建Spring的配置文件

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3.        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5.        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
  7.    
  8.     <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
  10.    
  11.     <bean id="datasource" >
  12.    
  13.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  14.    
  15.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
  16.    
  17.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
  18.    
  19.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
  20.    
  21.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
  22.     </bean>
  24.    
  25.     <bean id="jdbcTemplate" >
  26.    
  27.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
  28.    
  29.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
  30.     </bean>
  32. </beans>
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15.1.4、创建持久层接口BookDao及其实现类

  1. package org.rain.spring.dao;
  3. /**
  4. * @author liaojy
  5. * @date 2023/9/3 - 17:34
  6. */
  7. public interface BookDao {
  9.     /**
  10.      * 查询图书的价格
  11.      * @param bookId
  12.      * @return
  13.      */
  14.     Integer getPriceByBookId(Integer bookId);
  16.     /**
  17.      * 更新图书的库存
  18.      * @param bookId
  19.      */
  20.     void updateStockOfBook(Integer bookId);
  22.     /**
  23.      * 更新用户的余额
  24.      * @param userId
  25.      * @param price
  26.      */
  27.     void updateBalanceOfUser(Integer userId,Integer price);
  29. }
复制代码
  1. package org.rain.spring.dao.impl;
  3. import org.rain.spring.dao.BookDao;
  4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  5. import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
  6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
  8. /**
  9. * @author liaojy
  10. * @date 2023/9/3 - 17:36
  11. */
  12. @Repository
  13. public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
  15.     @Autowired
  16.     private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
  18.     public Integer getPriceByBookId(Integer bookId) {
  19.    
  20.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>String sql = "select price from t_book where book_id = ?";
  21.    
  22.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>Integer price = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class,bookId);
  23.    
  24.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>return price;
  25.     }
  27.     public void updateStockOfBook(Integer bookId) {
  28.    
  29.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>String sql = "update t_book set stock = stock -1 where book_id = ?";
  30.    
  31.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>jdbcTemplate.update(sql, bookId);
  32.     }
  34.     public void updateBalanceOfUser(Integer userId, Integer price) {
  35.    
  36.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>String sql = "update t_user set balance = balance - ? where user_id = ?";
  37.    
  38.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>jdbcTemplate.update(sql,price,userId);
  39.     }
  41. }
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15.1.5、创建业务层接口BookService及其实现类

  1. package org.rain.spring.service;
  3. /**
  4. * @author liaojy
  5. * @date 2023/9/3 - 17:52
  6. */
  7. public interface BookService {
  9.     void buyBook(Integer bookId,Integer userId);
  11. }
复制代码
  1. package org.rain.spring.service.impl;
  3. import org.rain.spring.dao.BookDao;
  4. import org.rain.spring.service.BookService;
  5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
  8. /**
  9. * @author liaojy
  10. * @date 2023/9/3 - 17:53
  11. */
  12. @Service
  13. public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
  15.     @Autowired
  16.     private BookDao bookDao;
  18.     public void buyBook(Integer bookId, Integer userId) {
  20.    
  21.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>//查询图书的价格
  22.    
  23.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>Integer price = bookDao.getPriceByBookId(bookId);
  25.    
  26.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>//更新图书的库存
  27.    
  28.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookDao.updateStockOfBook(bookId);
  30.    
  31.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>//更新用户的余额
  32.    
  33.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookDao.updateBalanceOfUser(userId,price);
  35.     }
  36. }
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15.1.6、创建控制层BookController


注意：因为控制层没用到接口，所以方法的访问修饰符要手动设置
  1. package org.rain.spring.controller;
  3. import org.rain.spring.service.BookService;
  4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  5. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
  7. /**
  8. * @author liaojy
  9. * @date 2023/9/3 - 17:54
  10. */
  11. @Controller
  12. public class BookController {
  14.     @Autowired
  15.     private BookService bookService;
  17.     public void buyBook(Integer bookId, Integer userId){
  18.    
  19.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookService.buyBook(bookId,userId);
  20.     }
  22. }
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15.1.7、配置对注解组件的扫描

  1.    
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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15.2、基于xml事务的实现

15.2.1、配置事务管理器

  1.    
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  3.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  4.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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15.2.2、配置事务通知


注意：tx:advice标签导入的名称空间需要 tx 结尾的那个
  1.    
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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15.2.3、配置事务通知作用到连接点

  1.    
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  3.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  4.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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15.2.4、配置事务通知的属性


注意：不使用tx:method标签指定的方法是不会使用事务的，为了让切入点表达式的所有方法都使用到事务，可以使用*通配符：

  1.    
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  3.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  4.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  5.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
  6.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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15.3、测试事务的效果

15.3.1、创建测试类

模拟场景：


  • 用户购买图书，先查询图书的价格，再更新图书的库存和用户的余额
  • 假设id为1的用户（余额为50），购买id为1的图书（价格为80）
  • 购买图书之后，用户的余额应为-30；但由于数据库中余额字段设置了无符号，因此无法将-30插入到余额字段；
    此时执行更新用户余额的sql语句会抛出异常
  1. package org.rain.spring.test;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.rain.spring.controller.BookController;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;/** * @author liaojy * @date 2023/9/4 - 0:20 */@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring-tx-xml.xml")public class TxByXml {    @Autowired    private BookController bookController;    @Test    public void testBuyBook(){   
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookController.buyBook(1,1);    }}
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15.3.2、执行前的数据


此时id为1的图书库存为100

此时id为1的用户余额为50
15.3.3、执行时的异常


15.3.3、执行后的数据


由于使用了Spring的声明式事务，更新（图书）库存和更新（用户）余额，要么都成功，要么都失败；
本例属于都失败，所以（图书）库存和（用户）余额都没有变化

15.4、配置事务的属性


事务属性的详细作用，请参考14.5节
  1.    
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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