监控软件 Nagios 安装与配置

监控软件 Nagios 安装与配置

homepage: http://www.nagios.org/
5.4.1. Install

5.4.1.1. Nagios core

Nagios 是一种开放源代码监督软件，它可以扫描主机、服务、网络方面存在的问题。Nagios 与其他类似的包之间的重要区别在于，Nagios 将全部的信息简化为“工作（working）”、“可疑的（questionable）”和“故障（failure）”状态，并且 Nagios 支持由插件构成的非常丰富的“生态系统”。这些特性使得用户能够举行有效安装，在此过程中无需过多地关心细节内容，只提供他们所需的信息即可。
install

1. $ sudo apt-get install nagios3 nagios-nrpe-plugin
2.                

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add user nagiosadmin for nagios

1. $ sudo htpasswd -c /etc/nagios2/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
2. New password:
3. Re-type new password:
4. Adding password for user nagiosadmin
5.                

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Create a new nagcmd group for allowing external commands to be submitted through the web interface. Add both the nagios user and the apache user to the group.

1. $ groupadd nagcmd
2. $ sudo usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
3. $ sudo usermod -a -G nagcmd www-data
4. $ cat /etc/group
5. nagcmd:x:1003:nagios,www-data
6.                

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reload apache

1. $ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
2. * Reloading web server config apache2                    [ OK ]
3.                

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5.4.1.2. Monitor Client nrpe

1.                
2. nagios-nrpe-server --------> nagios core (nagios-nrpe-plugin)
3.                
4.                

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nagios-nrpe-server 的功能是向服务器发送监控数据, 而服务器端通过nagios-nrpe-plugin接收监控数据。

1. sudo apt-get install nagios-nrpe-server nagios-plugins
2.                

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/etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg
/etc/nagios/nrpe_local.cfg

1. $ sudo vim /etc/nagios/nrpe_local.cfg
2. allowed_hosts=172.16.1.2
4. command[check_users]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_users -w 5 -c 10
5. command[check_load]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
6. command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z
7. command[check_total_procs]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
8. command[check_procs]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
9. command[check_swap]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%
10. command[check_all_disks]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -e
11. command[check_disk_root]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /
12. command[check_disk_home]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /home
13. command[check_sda_iostat]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_iostat -d sda -w 100 -c 200
14. command[check_sdb_iostat]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_iostat -d sdb -w 100 -c 200
15. # command[check_uri_user]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_http -I 127.0.0.1 -p 80 -u http://example.com/test/ok.php
16. # command[check_mysql]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_mysql -H localhost -u root -ppassword test -P 3306
17.                

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重启后生效

1. /etc/init.d/nagios-nrpe-server restart
2.                

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5.4.1.3. Monitoring Windows Machines

Nagios 可以监控windows服务器，必要安装下面软件。
NSClient++
http://sourceforge.net/projects/nscplus
5.4.1.4. PNP4Nagios 图表插件

http://www.pnp4nagios.org/
5.4.2. nagios

Install Nagios & Plugins

1. [root@database ~]# yum -y install nagios nagios-plugins-all nagios-plugins-nrpe
2.                

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Create the default Nagios web access user & set a password

1. # htpasswd -c /etc/nagios/passwd nagiosadmin
2.                

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Verify default config files

1. nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg               
2.                

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Start Nagios

1. Start Nagios
2.                

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Configure it to start on boot

1. chkconfig --levels 345 nagios on
2.                

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http://localhost/nagios/
5.4.3. nrpe node

1. # yum install nrpe nagios-plugins-all
3. allowed_hosts=172.16.1.2
5. command[check_users]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_users -w 5 -c 10
6. command[check_load]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
7. command[check_hda1]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1
8. command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z
9. command[check_total_procs]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
10. command[check_http]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_http -I 127.0.0.1 -p 80 -u http://www.example.com/index.html
11. command[check_swap]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%
12. command[check_all_disks]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -e
14. # chkconfig nrpe on
15. # service nrpe start
16.                

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实在没有须要安装全部的监控插件

1. yum install nrpe -y
2. yum install nagios-plugins-disk  nagios-plugins-load nagios-plugins-ping nagios-plugins-procs nagios-plugins-swap nagios-plugins-users -y               
3.                

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5.4.4. 配置 Nagios

1. $ sudo vim /etc/nagios3/nagios.cfg
3. cfg_dir=/etc/nagios3/hosts
4. cfg_dir=/etc/nagios3/servers
5. cfg_dir=/etc/nagios3/switches
6. cfg_dir=/etc/nagios3/routers
8. admin_email=nagios, neo.chen@example.com
9.                

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5.4.4.1. authorized

add user neo for nagios

1. $ sudo htpasswd /etc/nagios3/htpasswd.users neo
2. New password:
3. Re-type new password:
4. Adding password for user neo
5.                        

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1. # grep default_user_name cgi.cfg
2. #default_user_name=guest
4. # grep authorized cgi.cfg
5. authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin
6. authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin
7. authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin
8. authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin
9. authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin
10. authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin
11. authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin
12. #authorized_for_read_only=user1,user2
13.                        

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1. $ sudo vim /etc/nagios3/cgi.cfg
3. authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,neo
4. authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,neo
6.                        

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5.4.4.2. contacts

1. $ sudo vim /etc/nagios3/conf.d/contacts_nagios2.cfg
3. ###############################################################################
4. # contacts.cfg
5. ###############################################################################
7. define contact{
8.         contact_name                    neo
9.         alias                           Neo
10.         service_notification_period     24x7
11.         host_notification_period        24x7
12.         service_notification_options    w,u,c,r
13.         host_notification_options       d,r
14.         service_notification_commands   notify-service-by-email
15.         host_notification_commands      notify-host-by-email
16.         email                           neo.chen@example.com
17.         }
19. ###############################################################################
20. ###############################################################################
21. #
22. # CONTACT GROUPS
23. #
24. ###############################################################################
25. ###############################################################################
27. # We only have one contact in this simple configuration file, so there is
28. # no need to create more than one contact group.
30. define contactgroup{
31.         contactgroup_name       admins
32.         alias                   Nagios Administrators
33.         members                 root, neo
34.         }
36.                        

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当服务出现w—报警(warning),u—未知(unkown),c—严峻(critical),r—从异常规复到正常，在这四种环境下通知接洽人
当主机出现d－当机(down),u—返回不可达(unreachable),r—从异常环境规复正常,在这3种环境下通知接洽人
确认 contact_groups 已经设置

1. neo@monitor:/etc/nagios3$ grep admins conf.d/generic-host_nagios2.cfg
2.                 contact_groups                  admins
3. neo@monitor:/etc/nagios3$ grep admins conf.d/generic-service_nagios2.cfg
4.                 contact_groups                  admins
5.                        

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